Parse string context elements properly

Prior to this change, we had a bunch of ad-hoc string manipulation code
scattered around. This made it hard to figure out what data model for
string contexts is.

Now, we still store string contexts most of the time as encoded strings
--- I was wary of the performance implications of changing that --- but
whenever we parse them we do so only through the
`NixStringContextElem::parse` method, which handles all cases. This
creates a data type that is very similar to `DerivedPath` but:

 - Represents the funky `=<drvpath>` case as properly distinct from the
   others.

 - Only encodes a single output, no wildcards and no set, for the
   "built" case.

(I would like to deprecate `=<path>`, after which we are in spitting
distance of `DerivedPath` and could maybe get away with fewer types, but
that is another topic for another day.)

src/libexpr/eval.hh

@@ -551,10 +551,6 @@ struct DebugTraceStacker {
 std::string_view showType(ValueType type);
 std::string showType(const Value & v);
 
-/* Decode a context string ‘!<name>!<path>’ into a pair <path,
-   name>. */
-NixStringContextElem decodeContext(const Store & store, std::string_view s);
-
 /* If `path' refers to a directory, then append "/default.nix". */
 Path resolveExprPath(Path path);