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329 lines
10 KiB
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.. _glossary:
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========
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Glossary
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========
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0-9, high ascii
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###############
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.htaccess
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Apache web server, and other NCSA-compliant web servers,
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observe the convention of using files in directories called
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:file:`.htaccess`
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to restrict access to certain files. In Bugzilla, they are used
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to keep secret files which would otherwise
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compromise your installation - e.g. the
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:file:`localconfig`
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file contains the password to your database.
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curious.
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.. _gloss-a:
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A
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#
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Apache
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In this context, Apache is the web server most commonly used
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for serving up Bugzilla
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pages. Contrary to popular belief, the apache web server has nothing
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to do with the ancient and noble Native American tribe, but instead
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derived its name from the fact that it was
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``a patchy``
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version of the original
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NCSA
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world-wide-web server.
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Useful Directives when configuring Bugzilla
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`AddHandler <http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler>`_
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Tell Apache that it's OK to run CGI scripts.
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`AllowOverride <http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#allowoverride>`_, `Options <http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options>`_
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These directives are used to tell Apache many things about
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the directory they apply to. For Bugzilla's purposes, we need
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them to allow script execution and :file:`.htaccess`
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overrides.
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`DirectoryIndex <http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex>`_
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Used to tell Apache what files are indexes. If you can
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not add :file:`index.cgi` to the list of valid files,
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you'll need to set ``$index_html`` to
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1 in :file:`localconfig` so
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:command:`./checksetup.pl` will create an
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:file:`index.html` that redirects to
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:file:`index.cgi`.
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`ScriptInterpreterSource <http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource>`_
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Used when running Apache on windows so the shebang line
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doesn't have to be changed in every Bugzilla script.
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For more information about how to configure Apache for Bugzilla,
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see :ref:`http-apache`.
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.. _gloss-b:
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B
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#
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Bug
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A
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``bug``
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in Bugzilla refers to an issue entered into the database which has an
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associated number, assignments, comments, etc. Some also refer to a
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``tickets``
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or
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``issues``;
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in the context of Bugzilla, they are synonymous.
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Bug Number
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Each Bugzilla bug is assigned a number that uniquely identifies
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that bug. The bug associated with a bug number can be pulled up via a
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query, or easily from the very front page by typing the number in the
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"Find" box.
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Bugzilla
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Bugzilla is the world-leading free software bug tracking system.
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.. _gloss-c:
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C
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#
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Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
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CGI is an acronym for Common Gateway Interface. This is
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a standard for interfacing an external application with a web server. Bugzilla
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is an example of a CGI application.
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Component
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A Component is a subsection of a Product. It should be a narrow
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category, tailored to your organization. All Products must contain at
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least one Component (and, as a matter of fact, creating a Product
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with no Components will create an error in Bugzilla).
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Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN)
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CPAN
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stands for the
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``Comprehensive Perl Archive Network``.
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CPAN maintains a large number of extremely useful
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Perl
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modules - encapsulated chunks of code for performing a
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particular task.
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The :file:`contrib` directory is
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a location to put scripts that have been contributed to Bugzilla but
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are not a part of the official distribution. These scripts are written
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by third parties and may be in languages other than perl. For those
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that are in perl, there may be additional modules or other requirements
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than those of the official distribution.
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.. note:: Scripts in the :file:`contrib`
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directory are not officially supported by the Bugzilla team and may
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break in between versions.
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.. _gloss-d:
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D
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#
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daemon
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A daemon is a computer program which runs in the background. In
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general, most daemons are started at boot time via System V init
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scripts, or through RC scripts on BSD-based systems.
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mysqld,
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the MySQL server, and
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apache,
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a web server, are generally run as daemons.
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DOS Attack
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A DOS, or Denial of Service attack, is when a user attempts to
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deny access to a web server by repeatedly accessing a page or sending
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malformed requests to a webserver. A D-DOS, or
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Distributed Denial of Service attack, is when these requests come
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from multiple sources at the same time. Unfortunately, these are much
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more difficult to defend against.
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.. _gloss-g:
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G
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#
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Groups
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The word
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``Groups``
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has a very special meaning to Bugzilla. Bugzilla's main security
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mechanism comes by placing users in groups, and assigning those
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groups certain privileges to view bugs in particular
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Products
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in the
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Bugzilla
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database.
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.. _gloss-j:
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J
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#
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JavaScript
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JavaScript is cool, we should talk about it.
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.. _gloss-m:
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M
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#
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Message Transport Agent (MTA)
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A Message Transport Agent is used to control the flow of email on a system.
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The `Email::Send <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Email-Send/lib/Email/Send.pm>`_
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Perl module, which Bugzilla uses to send email, can be configured to
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use many different underlying implementations for actually sending the
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mail using the ``mail_delivery_method`` parameter.
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MySQL
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MySQL is one of the supported
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RDBMS for Bugzilla. MySQL
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can be downloaded from `<http://www.mysql.com>`_. While you
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should familiarize yourself with all of the documentation, some high
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points are:
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`Backup <http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Backup.html>`_
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Methods for backing up your Bugzilla database.
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`Option Files <http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Option_files.html>`_
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Information about how to configure MySQL using
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:file:`my.cnf`.
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`Privilege System <http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Privilege_system.html>`_
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Information about how to protect your MySQL server.
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.. _gloss-p:
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P
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#
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Perl Package Manager (PPM)
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`<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/PPM/>`_
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Product
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A Product is a broad category of types of bugs, normally
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representing a single piece of software or entity. In general,
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there are several Components to a Product. A Product may define a
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group (used for security) for all bugs entered into
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its Components.
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Perl
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First written by Larry Wall, Perl is a remarkable program
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language. It has the benefits of the flexibility of an interpreted
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scripting language (such as shell script), combined with the speed
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and power of a compiled language, such as C.
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Bugzilla
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is maintained in Perl.
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.. _gloss-q:
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Q
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#
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QA
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``QA``,
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``Q/A``, and
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``Q.A.``
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are short for
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``Quality Assurance``.
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In most large software development organizations, there is a team
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devoted to ensuring the product meets minimum standards before
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shipping. This team will also generally want to track the progress of
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bugs over their life cycle, thus the need for the
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``QA Contact``
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field in a bug.
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.. _gloss-r:
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R
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#
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Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS)
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A relational database management system is a database system
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that stores information in tables that are related to each other.
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Regular Expression (regexp)
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A regular expression is an expression used for pattern matching.
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`Documentation <http://perldoc.com/perl5.6/pod/perlre.html#Regular-Expressions>`_
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.. _gloss-s:
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S
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#
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Service
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In Windows NT environment, a boot-time background application
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is referred to as a service. These are generally managed through the
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control panel while logged in as an account with
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``Administrator`` level capabilities. For more
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information, consult your Windows manual or the MSKB.
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SGML
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stands for
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``Standard Generalized Markup Language``.
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Created in the 1980's to provide an extensible means to maintain
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documentation based upon content instead of presentation,
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SGML
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has withstood the test of time as a robust, powerful language.
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XML
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is the
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``baby brother``
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of SGML; any valid
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XML
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document it, by definition, a valid
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SGML
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document. The document you are reading is written and maintained in
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SGML,
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and is also valid
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XML
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if you modify the Document Type Definition.
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.. _gloss-t:
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T
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#
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Target Milestone
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Target Milestones are Product goals. They are configurable on a
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per-Product basis. Most software development houses have a concept of
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``milestones``
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where the people funding a project expect certain functionality on
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certain dates. Bugzilla facilitates meeting these milestones by
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giving you the ability to declare by which milestone a bug will be
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fixed, or an enhancement will be implemented.
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Tool Command Language (TCL)
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TCL is an open source scripting language available for Windows,
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Macintosh, and Unix based systems. Bugzilla 1.0 was written in TCL but
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never released. The first release of Bugzilla was 2.0, which was when
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it was ported to perl.
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.. _gloss-z:
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Z
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#
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Zarro Boogs Found
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This is just a goofy way of saying that there were no bugs
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found matching your query. When asked to explain this message,
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Terry had the following to say:
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*Terry Weissman*:
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I've been asked to explain this ... way back when, when
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Netscape released version 4.0 of its browser, we had a release
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party. Naturally, there had been a big push to try and fix every
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known bug before the release. Naturally, that hadn't actually
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happened. (This is not unique to Netscape or to 4.0; the same thing
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has happened with every software project I've ever seen.) Anyway,
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at the release party, T-shirts were handed out that said something
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like "Netscape 4.0: Zarro Boogs". Just like the software, the
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T-shirt had no known bugs. Uh-huh.
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So, when you query for a list of bugs, and it gets no results,
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you can think of this as a friendly reminder. Of \*course* there are
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bugs matching your query, they just aren't in the bugsystem yet...
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