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Mozilla/mozilla/webtools/bugzilla/docs/html/readme.unix.html
barnboy%trilobyte.net 397168f490 Added .htaccess files for shadow/, data/, and /. 
I added related information to the Bugzilla Guide, and
tacked in a couple of last-minute additions.  Also fixed the
annoying "Tip: HINT:" thing.


git-svn-id: svn://10.0.0.236/trunk@93103 18797224-902f-48f8-a5cc-f745e15eee43
2001-04-26 01:51:59 +00:00

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<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>UNIX Installation</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.64
"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="The Bugzilla Guide"
HREF="index.html"><LINK
REL="UP"
TITLE="Installing Bugzilla"
HREF="installation.html"><LINK
REL="PREVIOUS"
TITLE="Installing Bugzilla"
HREF="installation.html"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
TITLE="Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K) Installation"
HREF="readme.windows.html"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="SECTION"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><DIV
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="3"
ALIGN="center"
>The Bugzilla Guide</TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="installation.html"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
>Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla</TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="readme.windows.html"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H1
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="README.UNIX"
>2.1. UNIX Installation</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN190"
>2.1.1. ERRATA</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> If you are installing Bugzilla on S.u.S.e. Linux, or some other
distributions with "paranoid" security options, it is possible
that the checksetup.pl script may fail with the error:
<SPAN
CLASS="ERRORNAME"
>cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied</SPAN
>
This is because your
/var/spool/mqueue directory has a mode of "drwx------". Type
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chmod 755 /var/spool/mqueue</B
> as root to fix this problem.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> Release Notes for Bugzilla 2.12 are available at docs/rel_notes.txt
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The preferred documentation for Bugzilla is available in docs/, with
a variety of document types available. Please refer to these documents when
installing, configuring, and maintaining your Bugzilla installation.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> Bugzilla is not a package where you can just plop it in a directory,
twiddle a few things, and you're off. Installing Bugzilla assumes you
know your variant of UNIX or Microsoft Windows well, are familiar with the
command line, and are comfortable compiling and installing a plethora
of third-party utilities. To install Bugzilla on Win32 requires
fair Perl proficiency, and if you use a webserver other than Apache you
should be intimately familiar with the security mechanisms and CGI
environment thereof.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> Bugzilla has not undergone a complete security review. Security holes
may exist in the code. Great care should be taken both in the installation
and usage of this software. Carefully consider the implications of
installing other network services with Bugzilla.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN204"
>2.1.2. Step-by-step Install</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN206"
>2.1.2.1. Introduction</A
></H3
><P
> Installation of bugzilla is pretty straightforward, particularly if your
machine already has MySQL and the MySQL-related perl packages installed.
If those aren't installed yet, then that's the first order of business. The
other necessary ingredient is a web server set up to run cgi scripts.
While using Apache for your webserver is not required, it is recommended.
</P
><P
> Bugzilla has been successfully installed under Solaris, Linux, and
Win32. The peculiarities of installing on Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K) are not
included in this section of the Guide; please check out the "Win32 Installation Instructions"
for further advice on getting Bugzilla to work on Microsoft Windows.
</P
><P
> The Bugzilla Guide is contained in the "docs/" folder. It is available
in plain text (docs/txt), HTML (docs/html), or SGML source (docs/sgml).
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN211"
>2.1.2.2. Installing the Prerequisites</A
></H3
><P
> The software packages necessary for the proper running of bugzilla are:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> MySQL database server and the mysql client (3.22.5 or greater)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Perl (5.004 or greater)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> DBI Perl module
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Data::Dumper Perl module
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> DBD::mySQL
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> TimeDate Perl module collection
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> GD perl module (1.8.3) (optional, for bug charting)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Chart::Base Perl module (0.99c) (optional, for bug charting)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> DB_File Perl module (optional, for bug charting)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> The web server of your choice. Apache is recommended.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> MIME::Parser Perl module (optional, for contrib/bug_email.pl interface)
</P
></LI
></OL
>
<DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> You must run Bugzilla on a filesystem that supports file locking via
flock(). This is necessary for Bugzilla to operate safely with multiple
instances.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> It is a good idea, while installing Bugzilla, to ensure it is not
<EM
>accessible</EM
> by other machines on the Internet.
Your machine may be vulnerable to attacks
while you are installing. In other words, ensure there is some kind of firewall between you
and the rest of the Internet. Many installation steps require an active Internet connection
to complete, but you must take care to ensure that at no point is your machine vulnerable
to an attack.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN242"
>2.1.2.3. Installing MySQL Database</A
></H3
><P
> Visit MySQL homepage at http://www.mysql.org/ and grab the latest stable
release of the server. Both binaries and source are available and which
you get shouldn't matter. Be aware that many of the binary versions
of MySQL store their data files in /var which on many installations
(particularly common with linux installations) is part of a smaller
root partition. If you decide to build from sources you can easily set
the dataDir as an option to configure.
</P
><P
> If you've installed from source or non-package (RPM, deb, etc.) binaries
you'll want to make sure to add mysqld to your init scripts so the server
daemon will come back up whenever your machine reboots.
You also may want to edit those init scripts, to make sure that
mysqld will accept large packets. By default, mysqld is set up to only
accept packets up to 64K long. This limits the size of attachments you
may put on bugs. If you add something like "-O max_allowed_packet=1M"
to the command that starts mysqld (or safe_mysqld), then you will be
able to have attachments up to about 1 megabyte.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> If you plan on running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same machine,
consider using the "--skip-networking" option in the init script.
This enhances security by preventing network access to MySQL.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN248"
>2.1.2.4. Perl (5.004 or greater)</A
></H3
><P
> Any machine that doesn't have perl on it is a sad machine indeed. Perl
for *nix systems can be gotten in source form from http://www.perl.com.
</P
><P
> Perl is now a far cry from the the single compiler/interpreter binary it
once was. It now includes a great many required modules and quite a
few other support files. If you're not up to or not inclined to build
perl from source, you'll want to install it on your machine using some
sort of packaging system (be it RPM, deb, or what have you) to ensure
a sane install. In the subsequent sections you'll be installing quite
a few perl modules; this can be quite ornery if your perl installation
isn't up to snuff.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> You can skip the following Perl module installation
steps by installing "Bundle::Bugzilla" from CPAN, which includes them.
All Perl module installation steps require you have an active Internet
connection.
</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Bundle::Bugzilla"'</B
>
</TT
>
</P
><P
> Bundle::Bugzilla doesn't include GD, Chart::Base, or MIME::Parser,
which are not essential to a basic Bugzilla install. If installing
this bundle fails, you should install each module individually to
isolate the problem.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN259"
>2.1.2.5. DBI Perl Module</A
></H3
><P
> The DBI module is a generic Perl module used by other database related
Perl modules. For our purposes it's required by the MySQL-related
modules. As long as your Perl installation was done correctly the
DBI module should be a breeze. It's a mixed Perl/C module, but Perl's
MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation greatly.
</P
><P
> Like almost all Perl modules DBI can be found on the Comprehensive Perl
Archive Network (CPAN) at http://www.cpan.org. The CPAN servers have a
real tendency to bog down, so please use mirrors. The current location
at the time of this writing (02/17/99) can be found in Appendix A.
</P
><P
> Quality, general Perl module installation instructions can be found on
the CPAN website, but the easy thing to do is to just use the CPAN shell
which does all the hard work for you.
</P
><P
> To use the CPAN shell to install DBI:
<DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN265"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>perl -MCPAN -e 'install "DBI"'</B
>
</TT
>
<DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>Replace "DBI" with the name of whichever module you wish
to install, such as Data::Dumper, TimeDate, GD, etc.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
>
To do it the hard way:
<DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN272"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> Untar the module tarball -- it should create its own directory
</P
><P
> CD to the directory just created, and enter the following commands:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>perl Makefile.PL</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make test</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make install</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
></OL
>
If everything went ok that should be all it takes. For the vast
majority of perl modules this is all that's required.
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN296"
>2.1.2.6. Data::Dumper Perl Module</A
></H3
><P
> The Data::Dumper module provides data structure persistence for Perl
(similar to Java's serialization). It comes with later sub-releases of
Perl 5.004, but a re-installation just to be sure it's available won't
hurt anything.
</P
><P
> Data::Dumper is used by the MySQL related Perl modules. It can be
found on CPAN (link in Appendix A) and can be installed by following
the same four step make sequence used for the DBI module.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN300"
>2.1.2.7. MySQL related Perl Module Collection</A
></H3
><P
> The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent perl
modules. These modules are grouped together into the the
Msql-Mysql-modules package. This package can be found at CPAN.
After the archive file has been downloaded it should
be untarred.
</P
><P
> The MySQL modules are all built using one make file which is generated
by running:
<TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>perl Makefile.pl</B
>
</P
><P
> The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the desired
compilation target and your MySQL installation. For many of the questions
the provided default will be adequate.
</P
><P
> When asked if your desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages
selected the MySQL related ones. Later you will be asked if you wish
to provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you
must answer YES to this question. The default will be no, and if you
select it things won't work later.
</P
><P
> A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test' and
a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run tests
on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation. If 'make
test' and 'make install' go through without errors you should be ready
to go as far as database connectivity is concerned.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN309"
>2.1.2.8. TimeDate Perl Module Collection</A
></H3
><P
> Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl modules have
been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL modules bundle. This
bundle is stored on the CPAN under the name TimeDate. A (hopefully
current) link can be found in Appendix A. The component module we're
most interested in is the Date::Format module, but installing all of them
is probably a good idea anyway. The standard Perl module installation
instructions should work perfectly for this simple package.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN312"
>2.1.2.9. GD Perl Module (1.8.3)</A
></H3
><P
> The GD library was written by Thomas Boutell a long while ago to
programatically generate images in C. Since then it's become almost a
defacto standard for programatic image construction. The Perl bindings
to it found in the GD library are used on a million web pages to generate
graphs on the fly. That's what bugzilla will be using it for so you'd
better install it if you want any of the graphing to work.
</P
><P
> Actually bugzilla uses the Graph module which relies on GD itself,
but isn't that always the way with OOP. At any rate, you can find the
GD library on CPAN (link in Appendix "Required Software").
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The Perl GD library requires some other libraries that may or may not be
installed on your system, including "libpng" and "libgd". The full requirements
are listed in the Perl GD library README. Just realize that if compiling GD fails,
it's probably because you're missing a required library.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN318"
>2.1.2.10. Chart::Base Perl Module (0.99c)</A
></H3
><P
> The Chart module provides bugzilla with on-the-fly charting
abilities. It can be installed in the usual fashion after it has been
fetched from CPAN where it is found as the Chart-x.x... tarball in a
directory to be listed in Appendix "Required Software". Note that as with the GD perl
module, only the specific versions listed above (or newer) will work. Earlier
versions used GIF's, which are no longer supported by the latest
versions of GD.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN321"
>2.1.2.11. DB_File Perl Module</A
></H3
><P
> DB_File is a module which allows Perl programs to make use of the facilities provided by
Berkeley DB version 1.x. This module is required by collectstats.pl which is used for
bug charting. If you plan to make use of bug charting, you must install this module.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN324"
>2.1.2.12. HTTP Server</A
></H3
><P
> You have a freedom of choice here - Apache, Netscape or any other
server on UNIX would do. You can easily run the web server on a different
machine than MySQL, but need to adjust the MySQL "bugs" user permissions
accordingly.
</P
><P
> You'll want to make sure that your web server will run any file
with the .cgi extension as a cgi and not just display it. If you're using
apache that means uncommenting the following line in the srm.conf file:
<TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</TT
>
</P
><P
> With apache you'll also want to make sure that within the access.conf
file the line:
<TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> Options ExecCGI
</TT
>
is in the stanza that covers the directories you intend to put the bugzilla
.html and .cgi files into.
</P
><P
> If you are using a newer version of Apache, both of the above lines will be
(or will need to be) in the httpd.conf file, rather than srm.conf or
access.conf.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> There are two critical directories and a file that should not be a served by
the HTTP server. These are the 'data' and 'shadow' directories and the
'localconfig' file. You should configure your HTTP server to not serve
content from these files. Failure to do so will expose critical passwords
and other data. Please see your HTTP server configuration manual on how
to do this. If you use quips (at the top of the buglist pages) you will want
the 'data/comments' file to still be served. This file contains those quips.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN334"
>2.1.2.13. Installing the Bugzilla Files</A
></H3
><P
> You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that you're
willing to make writable by the default web server user (probably
'nobody'). You may decide to put the files off of the main web space
for your web server or perhaps off of /usr/local with a symbolic link
in the web space that points to the bugzilla directory. At any rate,
just dump all the files in the same place (optionally omitting the CVS
directories if they were accidentally tarred up with the rest of Bugzilla)
and make sure you can access the files in that directory through your
web server.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's
HTML heirarchy, you may receive "Forbidden" errors unless you
add the "FollowSymLinks" directive to the &#60;Directory&#62; entry
for the HTML root.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
> Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that
directory writable by your webserver's user (which may require just
making it world writable). This is a temporary step until you run
the post-install "checksetup.pl" script, which locks down your
installation.
</P
><P
> Lastly, you'll need to set up a symbolic link to /usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl
for the correct location of your perl executable (probably /usr/bin/perl).
Otherwise you must hack all the .cgi files to change where they look
for perl. To make future upgrades easier, you should use the symlink
approach.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN341"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 2-1. Setting up bonsaitools symlink</B
></P
><P
> Here's how you set up the Perl symlink on Linux to make Bugzilla work.
Your mileage may vary; if you are running on Solaris, you probably need to subsitute
"/usr/local/bin/perl" for "/usr/bin/perl" below; if on certain other UNIX systems,
Perl may live in weird places like "/opt/perl". As root, run these commands:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>bash# mkdir /usr/bonsaitools
bash# mkdir /usr/bonsaitools/bin
bash# ln -s /usr/bin/perl /usr/bosaitools/bin/perl
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> If you don't have root access to set this symlink up, check out the
"setperl.csh" utility, listed in the Patches section of this
Guide. It will change the path to perl in all your Bugzilla files for
you.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN347"
>2.1.2.14. Setting Up the MySQL Database</A
></H3
><P
> After you've gotten all the software installed and working you're ready
to start preparing the database for its life as a the back end to a high
quality bug tracker.
</P
><P
> First, you'll want to fix MySQL permissions to allow access from
Bugzilla. For the purpose of this Installation section, the Bugzilla username
will be "bugs", and will have minimal permissions. Bugzilla has
not undergone a thorough security audit. It may be possible for
a system cracker to somehow trick Bugzilla into executing a command
such as "; DROP DATABASE mysql".
</P
><P
> That would be bad.
</P
><P
> Give the MySQL root user a password. MySQL passwords are
limited to 16 characters.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mysql -u root mysql</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD ('new_password')
WHERE user='root';
</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
From this point on, if you need to access MySQL as the
MySQL root user, you will need to use "mysql -u root -p" and
enter your new_password. Remember that MySQL user names have
nothing to do with Unix user names (login names).
</P
><P
> Next, we create the "bugs" user, and grant sufficient
permissions for checksetup.pl, which we'll use later, to work
its magic. This also restricts the "bugs" user to operations
within a database called "bugs", and only allows the account
to connect from "localhost". Modify it to reflect your setup
if you will be connecting from another machine or as a different
user.
</P
><P
> Remember to set bugs_password to some unique password.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,
ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES
ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost
IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password';</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
> mysql&#62;
</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script. (Many thanks to Holger
Schurig &#60;holgerschurig@nikocity.de&#62; for writing this script!)
It will make sure Bugzilla files and directories have reasonable
permissions, set up the "data" directory, and create all the MySQL
tables.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>./checksetup.pl</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
The first time you run it, it will create a file called "localconfig".
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN383"
>2.1.2.15. Tweaking "localconfig"</A
></H3
><P
> This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak including
how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database.
</P
><P
> The connection settings include:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> server's host: just use "localhost" if the MySQL server is
local
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> database name: "bugs" if you're following these directions
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> MySQL username: "bugs" if you're following these directions
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Password for the "bugs" MySQL account above
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
><P
> Once you are happy with the settings, re-run checksetup.pl. On this
second run, it will create the database and an administrator account
for which you will be prompted to provide information.
</P
><P
> When logged into an administrator account once Bugzilla is running,
if you go to the query page (off of the bugzilla main menu), you'll
find an 'edit parameters' option that is filled with editable treats.
</P
><P
> Should everything work, you should have a nearly empty copy of the bug
tracking setup.
</P
><P
> The second time around, checksetup.pl will stall if it is on a
filesystem that does not fully support file locking via flock(), such as
NFS mounts. This support is required for Bugzilla to operate safely with
multiple instances. If flock() is not fully supported, it will stall at:
<SPAN
CLASS="ERRORCODE"
>Now regenerating the shadow database for all bugs.</SPAN
>
<DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The second time you run checksetup.pl, you should become the
user your web server runs as, and that you ensure you have set the
"webservergroup" parameter in localconfig to match the web server's group
name, if any. I believe, for the next release of Bugzilla, this will
be fixed so that Bugzilla supports a "webserveruser" parameter in localconfig
as well.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN403"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 2-2. Running checksetup.pl as the web user</B
></P
><P
> Assuming your web server runs as user "apache", and Bugzilla is installed in
"/usr/local/bugzilla", here's one way to run checksetup.pl as the web server user.
As root, for the <EM
>second run</EM
> of checksetup.pl, do this:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>bash# chown -R apache:apache /usr/local/bugzilla
bash# su - apache
bash# cd /usr/local/bugzilla
bash# ./checksetup.pl
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
></DIV
>
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run it at any time
without causing harm. You should run it after any upgrade to Bugzilla.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN410"
>2.1.2.16. Setting Up Maintainers Manually (Optional)</A
></H3
><P
> If you want to add someone else to every group by hand, you can do it
by typing the appropriate MySQL commands. Run '<TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> mysql -u root -p bugs</TT
>'
(you may need different parameters, depending on your security settings
according to section 3, above). Then:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>update profiles set groupset=0x7fffffffffffffff
where login_name = 'XXX';</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
replacing XXX with the Bugzilla email address.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN419"
>2.1.2.17. The Whining Cron (Optional)</A
></H3
><P
> By now you've got a fully functional bugzilla, but what good are bugs
if they're not annoying? To help make those bugs more annoying you can
set up bugzilla's automatic whining system. This can be done by adding
the following command as a daily crontab entry (for help on that see that
crontab man page):
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cd &#60;your-bugzilla-directory&#62; ; ./whineatnews.pl</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN426"
>2.1.2.18. Bug Graphs (Optional)</A
></H3
><P
> As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules you might
as well turn on the nifty bugzilla bug reporting graphs.
</P
><P
> Add a cron entry like this to run collectstats daily at 5 after midnight:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>crontab -e</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> 5 0 * * * cd &#60;your-bugzilla-directory&#62; ; ./collectstats.pl
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from the
Bug Reports page.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN438"
>2.1.2.19. Securing MySQL</A
></H3
><P
> If you followed the README for setting up your "bugs" and "root" user in
MySQL, much of this should not apply to you. If you are upgrading
an existing installation of Bugzilla, you should pay close attention
to this section.
</P
><P
> Most MySQL installs have "interesting" default security parameters:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>mysqld defaults to running as root</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>it defaults to allowing external network connections</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>it has a known port number, and is easy to detect</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>it defaults to no passwords whatsoever</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>it defaults to allowing "File_Priv"</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> This means anyone from anywhere on the internet can not only drop the
database with one SQL command, and they can write as root to the system.
</P
><P
> To see your permissions do:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mysql -u root -p</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>use mysql;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>show tables;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>select * from user;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>mysql&#62;</TT
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>select * from db;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> To fix the gaping holes:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>DELETE FROM user WHERE User='';</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new_password') WHERE user='root';</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> If you're not running "mit-pthreads" you can use:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@localhost;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@localhost;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> With "mit-pthreads" you'll need to modify the "globals.pl" Mysql-&#62;Connect
line to specify a specific host name instead of "localhost", and accept
external connections:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@bounce.hop.com;</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> Consider also:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Turning off external networking with "--skip-networking",
unless you have "mit-pthreads", in which case you can't.
Without networking, MySQL connects with a Unix domain socket.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> using the --user= option to mysqld to run it as an unprivileged
user.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> starting MySQL in a chroot jail
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> running the httpd in a "chrooted" jail
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> making sure the MySQL passwords are different from the OS
passwords (MySQL "root" has nothing to do with system "root").
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> running MySQL on a separate untrusted machine
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> making backups ;-)
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN504"
>2.1.2.20. Installation General Notes</A
></H3
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H4
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN506"
>2.1.2.20.1. Modifying Your Running System</A
></H4
><P
> Bugzilla optimizes database lookups by storing all relatively static
information in the versioncache file, located in the data/ subdirectory
under your installation directory (we said before it needs to be writable,
right?!)
</P
><P
> If you make a change to the structural data in your database (the
versions table for example), or to the "constants" encoded in
defparams.pl, you will need to remove the cached content from the data
directory (by doing a "rm data/versioncache"), or your changes won't show
up!
</P
><P
> That file gets automatically regenerated whenever it's more than an
hour old, so Bugzilla will eventually notice your changes by itself, but
generally you want it to notice right away, so that you can test things.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H4
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN511"
>2.1.2.20.2. Upgrading From Previous Versions</A
></H4
><P
> The developers of Bugzilla are constantly adding new tables, columns and
fields. You'll get SQL errors if you just update the code. The strategy
to update is to simply always run the checksetup.pl script whenever
you upgrade your installation of Bugzilla. If you want to see what has
changed, you can read the comments in that file, starting from the end.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H4
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="AEN514"
>2.1.2.20.3. UNIX Installation Instructions History</A
></H4
><P
> This document was originally adapted from the Bonsai installation
instructions by Terry Weissman &#60;terry@mozilla.org&#62;.
</P
><P
> The February 25, 1999 re-write of this page was done by Ry4an Brase
&#60;ry4an@ry4an.org&#62;, with some edits by Terry Weissman, Bryce Nesbitt,
Martin Pool, &#38; Dan Mosedale (But don't send bug reports to them!
Report them using bugzilla, at http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi ,
project Webtools, component Bugzilla).
</P
><P
> This document was heavily modified again Wednesday, March 07 2001 to
reflect changes for Bugzilla 2.12 release by Matthew P. Barnson. The
securing MySQL section should be changed to become standard procedure
for Bugzilla installations.
</P
><P
> Finally, the README in its entirety was marked up in SGML and included into
the Guide on April 24, 2001.
</P
><P
> Comments from people using this Guide for the first time are particularly welcome.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
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