enable persistent WAL mode for sqlite db

allow processes without write access to the directory containing the db
to read the db when all connections are closed. Without this setting and
with WAL enabled and no open db connections unprivileged processes will
fail to open the db due the WAL files not existing and not able to
create them. When the WAL files are persistent unprivileged processeses
can read the db when there are no open connections.

Additionally, journal_size_limit is set to 2^40, which results in the
WAL files being truncated to 0 on exit, as well as limiting the WAL
files to 2^40 bytes following a checkpoint.

https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpersistwal
https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_journal_size_limit
https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/ed517a708284b6e00b6ae5f1e3f702bbfcbd32ed/src/wal.c#L2518

Fixes https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/10300

src/libstore/local-store.cc

@@ -552,6 +552,19 @@ void LocalStore::openDB(State & state, bool create)
         sqlite3_exec(db, ("pragma main.journal_mode = " + mode + ";").c_str(), 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
         SQLiteError::throw_(db, "setting journal mode");
 
+    if (mode == "wal") {
+        /* persist the WAL files when the db connection is closed. This allows
+           for read-only connections without write permissions on the
+           containing directory to succeed on a closed db. Setting the
+           journal_size_limit to 2^40 bytes results in the WAL files getting
+           truncated to 0 on exit and limits the on disk size of the WAL files
+           to 2^40 bytes following a checkpoint */
+        if (sqlite3_exec(db, "pragma main.journal_size_limit = 1099511627776;", 0, 0, 0) == SQLITE_OK) {
+            int enable = 1;
+            sqlite3_file_control(db, NULL, SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL, &enable);
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Increase the auto-checkpoint interval to 40000 pages.  This
        seems enough to ensure that instantiating the NixOS system
        derivation is done in a single fsync(). */