Factor out the local NAR cache into its own class

Move LocalStore::querySubstitutablePaths() to Store

.github/workflows/backport.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
           # required to find all branches
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Create backport PRs
-        uses: korthout/backport-action@d07416681cab29bf2661702f925f020aaa962997 # v3.4.1
+        uses: korthout/backport-action@c656f5d5851037b2b38fb5db2691a03fa229e3b2 # v4.0.1
         id: backport
         with:
           # Config README: https://github.com/korthout/backport-action#backport-action

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ jobs:
         cat coverage-reports/index.txt >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
       if: ${{ matrix.instrumented }}
     - name: Upload coverage reports
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
       with:
         name: coverage-reports
         path: coverage-reports/
       if: ${{ matrix.instrumented }}
     - name: Upload installer tarball
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
       with:
         name: installer-${{matrix.os}}
         path: out/*
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Download installer tarball
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
       with:
         name: installer-${{matrix.os}}
         path: out
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
         echo "installer-url=file://$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/out" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         TARBALL_PATH="$(find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/out" -name 'nix*.tar.xz' -print | head -n 1)"
         echo "tarball-path=file://$TARBALL_PATH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@0b0e072294b088b73964f1d72dfdac0951439dbd # v31.8.4
+    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0
       if: ${{ !matrix.experimental-installer }}
       with:
         install_url: ${{ format('{0}/install', steps.installer-tarball-url.outputs.installer-url) }}
@@ -197,80 +197,6 @@ jobs:
     - run: exec bash -c "nix-channel --add https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/unstable/nixos-23.05pre466020.60c1d71f2ba nixpkgs"
     - run: exec bash -c "nix-channel --update && nix-env -iA nixpkgs.hello && hello"
 
-  # Steps to test CI automation in your own fork.
-  # 1. Sign-up for https://hub.docker.com/
-  # 2. Store your dockerhub username as DOCKERHUB_USERNAME in "Repository secrets" of your fork repository settings (https://github.com/$githubuser/nix/settings/secrets/actions)
-  # 3. Create an access token in https://hub.docker.com/settings/security and store it as DOCKERHUB_TOKEN in "Repository secrets" of your fork
-  check_secrets:
-    permissions:
-      contents: none
-    name: Check presence of secrets
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    outputs:
-      docker: ${{ steps.secret.outputs.docker }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Check for DockerHub secrets
-        id: secret
-        env:
-          _DOCKER_SECRETS: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          echo "docker=${{ env._DOCKER_SECRETS != '' }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-  docker_push_image:
-    needs: [tests, check_secrets]
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-    if: >-
-      needs.check_secrets.outputs.docker == 'true' &&
-      github.event_name == 'push' &&
-      github.ref_name == 'master'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: ./.github/actions/install-nix-action
-      with:
-        dogfood: false
-        extra_nix_config: |
-          experimental-features = flakes nix-command
-    - run: echo NIX_VERSION="$(nix eval .\#nix.version | tr -d \")" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - run: nix build .#dockerImage -L
-    - run: docker load -i ./result/image.tar.gz
-    - run: docker tag nix:$NIX_VERSION ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/nix:$NIX_VERSION
-    - run: docker tag nix:$NIX_VERSION ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/nix:master
-    # We'll deploy the newly built image to both Docker Hub and Github Container Registry.
-    #
-    # Push to Docker Hub first
-    - name: Login to Docker Hub
-      uses: docker/login-action@v3
-      with:
-        username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-        password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-    - run: docker push ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/nix:$NIX_VERSION
-    - run: docker push ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/nix:master
-    # Push to GitHub Container Registry as well
-    - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-      uses: docker/login-action@v3
-      with:
-        registry: ghcr.io
-        username: ${{ github.actor }}
-        password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    - name: Push image
-      run: |
-        IMAGE_ID=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/nix
-        # Change all uppercase to lowercase
-        IMAGE_ID=$(echo $IMAGE_ID | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
-
-        docker tag nix:$NIX_VERSION $IMAGE_ID:$NIX_VERSION
-        docker tag nix:$NIX_VERSION $IMAGE_ID:latest
-        docker push $IMAGE_ID:$NIX_VERSION
-        docker push $IMAGE_ID:latest
-        # deprecated 2024-02-24
-        docker tag nix:$NIX_VERSION $IMAGE_ID:master
-        docker push $IMAGE_ID:master
-
   flake_regressions:
     needs: tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -287,13 +213,21 @@ jobs:
         with:
           repository: NixOS/flake-regressions-data
           path: flake-regressions/tests
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/install-nix-action
+      - name: Download installer tarball
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          dogfood: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.dogfood || github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-          extra_nix_config:
-            experimental-features = nix-command flakes
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - run: nix build -L --out-link ./new-nix && PATH=$(pwd)/new-nix/bin:$PATH MAX_FLAKES=25 flake-regressions/eval-all.sh
+          name: installer-linux
+          path: out
+      - name: Looking up the installer tarball URL
+        id: installer-tarball-url
+        run: |
+          echo "installer-url=file://$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/out" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0
+        with:
+          install_url: ${{ format('{0}/install', steps.installer-tarball-url.outputs.installer-url) }}
+          install_options: ${{ format('--tarball-url-prefix {0}', steps.installer-tarball-url.outputs.installer-url) }}
+      - name: Run flake regressions tests
+        run: MAX_FLAKES=25 flake-regressions/eval-all.sh
 
   profile_build:
     needs: tests

.github/workflows/upload-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+name: Upload Release
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      eval_id:
+        description: "Hydra evaluation ID"
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      is_latest:
+        description: "Mark as latest release"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  packages: write
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment: releases
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/install-nix-action
+        with:
+          dogfood: false # Use stable version
+          use_cache: false # Don't want any cache injection shenanigans
+          extra_nix_config: |
+            experimental-features = nix-command flakes
+      - name: Set NIX_PATH from flake input
+        run: |
+          NIXPKGS_PATH=$(nix build --inputs-from .# nixpkgs#path --print-out-paths --no-link)
+          # Shebangs with perl have issues. Pin nixpkgs this way. nix shell should maybe
+          # get the same uberhack that nix-shell has to support it.
+          echo "NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$NIXPKGS_PATH" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Configure AWS credentials
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@61815dcd50bd041e203e49132bacad1fd04d2708 # v5.1.1
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: "arn:aws:iam::080433136561:role/nix-release"
+          role-session-name: nix-release-oidc-${{ github.run_id }}
+          aws-region: eu-west-1
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Upload release
+        run: |
+          ./maintainers/upload-release.pl \
+            ${{ inputs.eval_id }} \
+            --skip-git
+        env:
+          IS_LATEST: ${{ inputs.is_latest && '1' || '' }}
+      - name: Push to GHCR
+        run: |
+          DOCKER_OWNER="ghcr.io/$(echo '${{ github.repository_owner }}' | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')/nix"
+          ./maintainers/upload-release.pl \
+            ${{ inputs.eval_id }} \
+            --skip-git \
+            --skip-s3 \
+            --docker-owner "$DOCKER_OWNER"
+        env:
+          IS_LATEST: ${{ inputs.is_latest && '1' || '' }}

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.33.0
+2.34.0

doc/manual/meson.build

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ bash = find_program('bash', native : true)
 # HTML manual dependencies (conditional)
 if get_option('html-manual')
   mdbook = find_program('mdbook', native : true)
-  rsync = find_program('rsync', required : true, native : true)
 endif
 
 pymod = import('python')
@@ -126,7 +125,12 @@ if get_option('html-manual')
           @0@ @INPUT0@ @CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@ > @DEPFILE@
           @0@ @INPUT1@ summary @2@ < @CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@/source/SUMMARY.md.in > @2@/source/SUMMARY.md
           sed -e 's|@version@|@3@|g' < @INPUT2@ > @2@/book.toml
-          @4@ -r -L --exclude='*.drv' --include='*.md' @CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@/ @2@/
+          # Copy source to build directory, excluding the build directory itself
+          # (which is present when built as an individual component).
+          # Use tar with --dereference to copy symlink targets (e.g., JSON examples from tests).
+          (cd @CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@ && find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name build | tar -c --dereference -T - -f -) | (cd @2@ && tar -xf -)
+          chmod -R u+w @2@
+          find @2@ -name '*.drv' -delete
           (cd @2@; RUST_LOG=warn @1@ build -d @2@ 3>&2 2>&1 1>&3) | { grep -Fv "because fragment resolution isn't implemented" || :; } 3>&2 2>&1 1>&3
           rm -rf @2@/manual
           mv @2@/html @2@/manual
@@ -138,7 +142,6 @@ if get_option('html-manual')
         mdbook.full_path(),
         meson.current_build_dir(),
         meson.project_version(),
-        rsync.full_path(),
       ),
     ],
     input : [

doc/manual/package.nix

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
   mdbook,
   jq,
   python3,
-  rsync,
   nix-cli,
   changelog-d,
   json-schema-for-humans,
@@ -54,6 +53,8 @@ mkMesonDerivation (finalAttrs: {
         ../../src/libstore-tests/data/nar-info
         ../../src/libstore-tests/data/build-result
         ../../src/libstore-tests/data/dummy-store
+        # For derivation examples referenced by symlinks in doc/manual/source/protocols/json/schema/
+        ../../tests/functional/derivation
         # Too many different types of files to filter for now
         ../../doc/manual
         ./.
@@ -90,7 +91,6 @@ mkMesonDerivation (finalAttrs: {
   ]
   ++ lib.optionals buildHtmlManual [
     mdbook
-    rsync
     json-schema-for-humans
   ]
   ++ lib.optionals (!officialRelease && buildHtmlManual) [

doc/manual/rl-next/channels-subdomain.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: Channel URLs migrated to channels.nixos.org subdomain
-prs: [14518]
-issues: [14517]
----
-
-Channel URLs have been updated from `https://nixos.org/channels/` to `https://channels.nixos.org/` throughout Nix.
-
-The subdomain provides better reliability with IPv6 support and improved CDN distribution. The old domain apex (`nixos.org/channels/`) currently redirects to the new location but may be deprecated in the future.

doc/manual/rl-next/json-format-changes.md

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: "JSON format changes for store path info and derivations"
-prs: []
-issues: []
----
-
-JSON formats for store path info and derivations have been updated with new versions and structured fields.
-
-## Store Path Info JSON
-
-`nix path-info --json` now requires a `--json-format` flag to specify the output format version.
-Using `--json` without `--json-format` is deprecated and will become an error in a future release.
-For now, it defaults to version 1 with a warning, for a smoother migration.
-
-### Version 1 (`--json-format 1`)
-
-This is the legacy format, preserved for backwards compatibility:
-
-- String-based hash values (e.g., `"narHash": "sha256:FePFYIlM..."`)
-- String-based content addresses (e.g., `"ca": "fixed:r:sha256:1abc..."`)
-- Full store paths for map keys and references (e.g., `"/nix/store/abc...-foo"`)
-- Now includes `"storeDir"` field at the top level
-
-### Version 2 (`--json-format 2`)
-
-The new structured format follows the [JSON guidelines](@docroot@/development/json-guideline.md) with the following changes:
-
-- **Nested structure with top-level metadata**:
-
-  The output is now wrapped in an object with `version`, `storeDir`, and `info` fields:
-
-  ```json
-  {
-    "version": 2,
-    "storeDir": "/nix/store",
-    "info": { ... }
-  }
-  ```
-
-  The map from store bath base names to store object info is nested under the `info` field.
-
-- **Store path base names instead of full paths**:
-
-  Map keys and references use store path base names (e.g., `"abc...-foo"`) instead of full absolute store paths.
-  Combined with `storeDir`, the full path can be reconstructed.
-
-- **Structured `ca` field**:
-
-  Content address is now a structured JSON object instead of a string:
-
-  - Old: `"ca": "fixed:r:sha256:1abc..."`
-  - New: `"ca": {"method": "nar", "hash": "sha256-ungWv48Bz+pBQUDeXa4iI7ADYaOWF3qctBD/YfIAFa0="}`
-  - Still `null` values for input-addressed store objects
-
-  The `hash` field uses the [SRI](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity) format like other hashes.
-
-Nix currently only produces, and doesn't consume this format.
-
-Additionally the following field is added to both formats.
-(The `version` tracks breaking changes, and adding fields to outputted JSON is not a breaking change.)
-
-- **`version` field**:
-
-  All store path info JSON now includes `"version": <1|2>`.
-
-- **`storeDir` field**:
-
-  Top-level `"storeDir"` field contains the store directory path (e.g., `"/nix/store"`).
-
-## Derivation JSON (Version 4)
-
-The derivation JSON format has been updated from version 3 to version 4:
-
-- **Restructured inputs**:
-
-  Inputs are now nested under an `inputs` object:
-
-  - Old: `"inputSrcs": [...], "inputDrvs": {...}`
-  - New: `"inputs": {"srcs": [...], "drvs": {...}}`
-
-- **Consistent content addresses**:
-
-  Fixed content-addressed outputs now use structured JSON format.
-  This is the same format as `ca` in store path info (after the new version).
-
-Version 3 and earlier formats are *not* accepted when reading.
-
-**Affected command**: `nix derivation`, namely its `show` and `add` sub-commands.

doc/manual/rl-next/libcurl-pausing.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: Fix "download buffer is full; consider increasing the 'download-buffer-size' setting" warning
-prs: [14614]
-issues: [11728]
----
-
-The underlying issue that led to [#11728](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/11728) has been resolved by utilizing
-[libcurl write pausing functionality](https://curl.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_pause.html) to control backpressure when unpacking to slow destinations like the git-backed tarball cache. The default value of `download-buffer-size` is now 1 MiB and it's no longer recommended to increase it, since the root cause has been fixed.
-
-This is expected to improve download performance on fast connections, since previously a single slow download consumer would stall the thread and prevent any other transfers from progressing.
-
-Many thanks go out to the [Lix project](https://lix.systems/) for the [implementation](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix/commit/4ae6fb5a8f0d456b8d2ba2aaca3712b4e49057fc) that served as inspiration for this change and for triaging libcurl [issues with pausing](https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/19334).

doc/manual/rl-next/repl-interrupt.md

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: Interrupting REPL commands works more than once
-issues: [13481]
----
-
-Previously, this only worked once per REPL session; further attempts would be ignored.
-This issue is now fixed, so REPL commands such as `:b` or `:p` can be canceled consistently.
-This is a cherry-pick of the change from the [Lix project](https://gerrit.lix.systems/c/lix/+/1097).

doc/manual/rl-next/s3-curl-implementation.md

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: "Improved S3 binary cache support via HTTP"
-prs: [13752, 13823, 14026, 14120, 14131, 14135, 14144, 14170, 14190, 14198, 14206, 14209, 14222, 14223, 14330, 14333, 14335, 14336, 14337, 14350, 14356, 14357, 14374, 14375, 14376, 14377, 14391, 14393, 14420, 14421]
-issues: [13084, 12671, 11748, 12403]
----
-
-S3 binary cache operations now happen via HTTP, leveraging `libcurl`'s native
-AWS SigV4 authentication instead of the AWS C++ SDK, providing significant
-improvements:
-
-- **Reduced memory usage**: Eliminates memory buffering issues that caused
-  segfaults with large files
-- **Fixed upload reliability**: Resolves AWS SDK chunking errors
-  (`InvalidChunkSizeError`)
-- **Lighter dependencies**: Uses lightweight `aws-crt-cpp` instead of full
-  `aws-cpp-sdk`, reducing build complexity
-
-The new implementation requires curl >= 7.75.0 and `aws-crt-cpp` for credential
-management.
-
-All existing S3 URL formats and parameters remain supported, however the store
-settings for configuring multipart uploads have changed:
-
-- **`multipart-upload`** (default: `false`): Enable multipart uploads for large
-  files. When enabled, files exceeding the multipart threshold will be uploaded
-  in multiple parts.
-
-- **`multipart-threshold`** (default: `100 MiB`): Minimum file size for using
-  multipart uploads. Files smaller than this will use regular PUT requests.
-  Only takes effect when `multipart-upload` is enabled.
-
-- **`multipart-chunk-size`** (default: `5 MiB`): Size of each part in multipart
-  uploads. Must be at least 5 MiB (AWS S3 requirement). Larger chunk sizes
-  reduce the number of requests but use more memory.
-
-- **`buffer-size`**: Has been replaced by `multipart-chunk-size` and is now an alias to it.
-
-Note that this change also means Nix now supports S3 binary cache stores even
-if built without `aws-crt-cpp`, but only for public buckets which do not
-require authentication.

doc/manual/rl-next/s3-object-versioning.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: "S3 URLs now support object versioning via versionId parameter"
-prs: [14274]
-issues: [13955]
----
-
-S3 URLs now support a `versionId` query parameter to fetch specific versions
-of objects from S3 buckets with versioning enabled. This allows pinning to
-exact object versions for reproducibility and protection against unexpected
-changes:
-
-```
-s3://bucket/key?region=us-east-1&versionId=abc123def456
-```

doc/manual/rl-next/s3-storage-class.md

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
----
-synopsis: "S3 binary cache stores now support storage class configuration"
-prs: [14464]
-issues: [7015]
----
-
-S3 binary cache stores now support configuring the storage class for uploaded objects via the `storage-class` parameter. This allows users to optimize costs by selecting appropriate storage tiers based on access patterns.
-
-Example usage:
-
-```bash
-# Use Glacier storage for long-term archival
-nix copy --to 's3://my-bucket?storage-class=GLACIER' /nix/store/...
-
-# Use Intelligent Tiering for automatic cost optimization
-nix copy --to 's3://my-bucket?storage-class=INTELLIGENT_TIERING' /nix/store/...
-```
-
-The storage class applies to both regular uploads and multipart uploads. When not specified, objects use the bucket's default storage class.
-
-See the [S3 storage classes documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html) for available storage classes and their characteristics.

doc/manual/source/SUMMARY.md.in

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
   - [Contributing](development/contributing.md)
 - [Releases](release-notes/index.md)
 {{#include ./SUMMARY-rl-next.md}}
+  - [Release 2.33 (2025-12-09)](release-notes/rl-2.33.md)
   - [Release 2.32 (2025-10-06)](release-notes/rl-2.32.md)
   - [Release 2.31 (2025-08-21)](release-notes/rl-2.31.md)
   - [Release 2.30 (2025-07-07)](release-notes/rl-2.30.md)

doc/manual/source/advanced-topics/eval-profiler.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_site) position and the name of the
 function being called (when available). For example:
 
 ```
-/nix/store/x9wnkly3k1gkq580m90jjn32q9f05q2v-source/pkgs/top-level/default.nix:167:5:primop import
+/nix/store/2q71fdvr4h33g9832hiriwnf20fn630l-source/pkgs/top-level/default.nix:167:5:primop import
 ```
 
-Here `import` primop is called at `/nix/store/x9wnkly3k1gkq580m90jjn32q9f05q2v-source/pkgs/top-level/default.nix:167:5`.
+Here `import` primop is called at `/nix/store/2q71fdvr4h33g9832hiriwnf20fn630l-source/pkgs/top-level/default.nix:167:5`.

doc/manual/source/command-ref/files/default-nix-expression.md

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ This makes all subscribed channels available as attributes in the default expres
 A symlink that ensures that [`nix-env`] can find the current user's [channels]:
 
 - `~/.nix-defexpr/channels`
-- `$XDG_STATE_HOME/defexpr/channels` if [`use-xdg-base-directories`] is set to `true`.
+- `$XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/defexpr/channels` if [`use-xdg-base-directories`] is set to `true`.
 
 This symlink points to:
 
-- `$XDG_STATE_HOME/profiles/channels` for regular users
+- `$XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/profiles/channels` for regular users
 - `$NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/channels` for `root`
 
 In a multi-user installation, you may also have `~/.nix-defexpr/channels_root`, which links to the channels of the root user.

doc/manual/source/command-ref/files/manifest.nix.md

@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ Here is an example of how this file might look like after installing `hello` fro
   };
   name = "hello-2.12.1";
   out = {
-    outPath = "/nix/store/260q5867crm1xjs4khgqpl6vr9kywql1-hello-2.12.1";
+    outPath = "/nix/store/src1vzij2z0slnakrsbpqpk20389z0k6-hello-2.12.1";
   };
-  outPath = "/nix/store/260q5867crm1xjs4khgqpl6vr9kywql1-hello-2.12.1";
+  outPath = "/nix/store/src1vzij2z0slnakrsbpqpk20389z0k6-hello-2.12.1";
   outputs = [ "out" ];
   system = "x86_64-linux";
   type = "derivation";

doc/manual/source/command-ref/files/profiles.md

@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan  1  1970 share
 
 /home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/bin:
 total 20
-lrwxrwxrwx 5 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 chromium -> /nix/store/ijm5k0zqisvkdwjkc77mb9qzb35xfi4m-chromium-86.0.4240.111/bin/chromium
+lrwxrwxrwx 5 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 chromium -> /nix/store/cyxny9d1zjb9l9103fr6j6kavp3bqjxf-chromium-86.0.4240.111/bin/chromium
 lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 87 Jan  1  1970 spotify -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/bin/spotify
 lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 zoom-us -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/bin/zoom-us
 
 /home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/share/applications:
 total 12
-lrwxrwxrwx 4 root root 120 Jan  1  1970 chromium-browser.desktop -> /nix/store/4cf803y4vzfm3gyk3vzhzb2327v0kl8a-chromium-unwrapped-86.0.4240.111/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
+lrwxrwxrwx 4 root root 120 Jan  1  1970 chromium-browser.desktop -> /nix/store/sqzyx2l85i6j2a77pnyvglh3bvzwmjjp-chromium-unwrapped-86.0.4240.111/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
 lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 110 Jan  1  1970 spotify.desktop -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/share/applications/spotify.desktop
 lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 107 Jan  1  1970 us.zoom.Zoom.desktop -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/share/applications/us.zoom.Zoom.desktop
 

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-copy-closure.md

@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ When using public key authentication, you can avoid typing the passphrase with `
 > $ storePath="$(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -I nixpkgs=channel:nixpkgs-unstable -A hello --no-out-link)"
 > $ nix-copy-closure --to alice@itchy.example.org "$storePath"
 > copying 5 paths...
-> copying path '/nix/store/nrwkk6ak3rgkrxbqhsscb01jpzmslf2r-xgcc-13.2.0-libgcc' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
-> copying path '/nix/store/gm61h1y42pqyl6178g90x8zm22n6pyy5-libunistring-1.1' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
-> copying path '/nix/store/ddfzjdykw67s20c35i7a6624by3iz5jv-libidn2-2.3.7' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
-> copying path '/nix/store/apab5i73dqa09wx0q27b6fbhd1r18ihl-glibc-2.39-31' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
-> copying path '/nix/store/g1n2vryg06amvcc1avb2mcq36faly0mh-hello-2.12.1' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
+> copying path '/nix/store/h6q8sqsqfbd3252f9gixqn3z282wds7m-xgcc-13.2.0-libgcc' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
+> copying path '/nix/store/imnwvn96lw355giswsk36hx105j4wnpj-libunistring-1.1' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
+> copying path '/nix/store/85301indj7scg34spnfczkz72jgv8wa9-libidn2-2.3.7' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
+> copying path '/nix/store/ypwfsaljwhzw9iffiysxmxnhjj8v7np0-glibc-2.39-31' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
+> copying path '/nix/store/0dklv59zppdsqdvgf0qdvjgzcs5wbwxa-hello-2.12.1' to 'ssh://alice@itchy.example.org'...
 > ```
 
 > **Example**

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-env/install.md

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ To install a specific [store derivation] (typically created by
 `nix-instantiate`):
 
 ```console
-$ nix-env --install /nix/store/fibjb1bfbpm5mrsxc4mh2d8n37sxh91i-gcc-3.4.3.drv
+$ nix-env --install /nix/store/8la6y31fmm6i4wfmby6avly1wf718xnj-gcc-3.4.3.drv
 ```
 
 To install a specific output path:
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ $ nix-env --file '<nixpkgs>' --install --attr hello --dry-run
 (dry run; not doing anything)
 installing ‘hello-2.10’
 this path will be fetched (0.04 MiB download, 0.19 MiB unpacked):
-  /nix/store/wkhdf9jinag5750mqlax6z2zbwhqb76n-hello-2.10
+  /nix/store/ikwkxz4wwlp2g1428n7dy729cg1d9hin-hello-2.10
   ...
 ```
 

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-prefetch-url.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ $ nix-prefetch-url ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz
 ```console
 $ nix-prefetch-url --print-path mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz
 0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i
-/nix/store/3x7dwzq014bblazs7kq20p9hyzz0qh8g-hello-2.10.tar.gz
+/nix/store/8alrpdaasjd1x6g1fczchmzbpqm936a3-hello-2.10.tar.gz
 ```
 
 ```console

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-store/add-fixed.md

@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ This operation has the following options:
 
 ```console
 $ nix-store --add-fixed sha256 ./hello-2.10.tar.gz
-/nix/store/3x7dwzq014bblazs7kq20p9hyzz0qh8g-hello-2.10.tar.gz
+/nix/store/8alrpdaasjd1x6g1fczchmzbpqm936a3-hello-2.10.tar.gz
 ```
 

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-store/delete.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ paths in the store that refer to it (i.e., depend on it).
 # Example
 
 ```console
-$ nix-store --delete /nix/store/zq0h41l75vlb4z45kzgjjmsjxvcv1qk7-mesa-6.4
+$ nix-store --delete /nix/store/gjak3al7lj61x4gj6rln4f5pc5v0f67n-mesa-6.4
 0 bytes freed (0.00 MiB)
-error: cannot delete path `/nix/store/zq0h41l75vlb4z45kzgjjmsjxvcv1qk7-mesa-6.4' since it is still alive
+error: cannot delete path `/nix/store/gjak3al7lj61x4gj6rln4f5pc5v0f67n-mesa-6.4' since it is still alive
 ```

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-store/query.md

@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ Print the build-time dependencies of `svn`:
 
 ```console
 $ nix-store --query --requisites $(nix-store --query --deriver $(which svn))
-/nix/store/02iizgn86m42q905rddvg4ja975bk2i4-grep-2.5.1.tar.bz2.drv
-/nix/store/07a2bzxmzwz5hp58nf03pahrv2ygwgs3-gcc-wrapper.sh
-/nix/store/0ma7c9wsbaxahwwl04gbw3fcd806ski4-glibc-2.3.4.drv
+/nix/store/y6qa66l9h0pw161crnlk6y16rdrcljx4-grep-2.5.1.tar.bz2.drv
+/nix/store/z716h753s97jhnzvfank2srqbljswpgm-gcc-wrapper.sh
+/nix/store/f39x0q73rjdyvzm93y9wrkfr6x39lb7f-glibc-2.3.4.drv
 ... lots of other paths ...
 ```
 
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ Show the build-time dependencies as a tree:
 ```console
 $ nix-store --query --tree $(nix-store --query --deriver $(which svn))
 /nix/store/7i5082kfb6yjbqdbiwdhhza0am2xvh6c-subversion-1.1.4.drv
-+---/nix/store/d8afh10z72n8l1cr5w42366abiblgn54-builder.sh
-+---/nix/store/fmzxmpjx2lh849ph0l36snfj9zdibw67-bash-3.0.drv
-|   +---/nix/store/570hmhmx3v57605cqg9yfvvyh0nnb8k8-bash
-|   +---/nix/store/p3srsbd8dx44v2pg6nbnszab5mcwx03v-builder.sh
++---/nix/store/vxnmkc8l8d2ijjha4xwhkfgx9vvc3q4c-builder.sh
++---/nix/store/rn9776dy82n5qrgz7xbcl1iw4vfkcrkk-bash-3.0.drv
+|   +---/nix/store/x9j20hz6bln1crzn55qifk0bbsm8v5ac-bash
+|   +---/nix/store/ajnn1mcm45wjvn0rlc22gvx2cwhjnazx-builder.sh
 ...
 ```
 

doc/manual/source/command-ref/nix-store/realise.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ This operation is typically used to build [store derivation]s produced by
 
 ```console
 $ nix-store --realise $(nix-instantiate ./test.nix)
-/nix/store/31axcgrlbfsxzmfff1gyj1bf62hvkby2-aterm-2.3.1
+/nix/store/6gwmy5jcnwdlz6aqqhksz863f1l8xc2w-aterm-2.3.1
 ```
 
 This is essentially what [`nix-build`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-build.md) does.

doc/manual/source/development/building.md

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 This section provides some notes on how to start hacking on Nix.
 To get the latest version of Nix from GitHub:
 
+> **Note**
+>
+> When checking out the repo on Windows, make sure you have the git setting `core.symlinks` enabled, before cloning, as there are symlinks in the repo.
+
 ```console
 $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git
 $ cd nix

doc/manual/source/development/debugging.md

@@ -6,14 +6,7 @@ Additionally, see [Testing Nix](./testing.md) for further instructions on how to
 
 ## Building Nix with Debug Symbols
 
-In the development shell, set the `mesonBuildType` environment variable to `debug` before configuring the build:
-
-```console
-[nix-shell]$ export mesonBuildType=debugoptimized
-```
-
-Then, proceed to build Nix as described in [Building Nix](./building.md).
-This will build Nix with debug symbols, which are essential for effective debugging.
+In the development shell, `mesonBuildType` is set automatically to `debugoptimized`. This builds Nix with debug symbols, which are essential for effective debugging.
 
 It is also possible to build without optimization for faster build:
 

doc/manual/source/glossary.md

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 
   > **Example**
   >
-  > `/nix/store/a040m110amc4h71lds2jmr8qrkj2jhxd-git-2.38.1`
+  > `/nix/store/jf6gn2dzna4nmsfbdxsd7kwhsk6gnnlr-git-2.38.1`
 
   See [Store Path](@docroot@/store/store-path.md) for details.
 

doc/manual/source/introduction.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ stores packages in the _Nix store_, usually the directory
 `/nix/store`, where each package has its own unique subdirectory such
 as
 
-    /nix/store/b6gvzjyb2pg0kjfwrjmg1vfhh54ad73z-firefox-33.1/
+    /nix/store/q06x3jll2yfzckz2bzqak089p43ixkkq-firefox-33.1/
 
 where `b6gvzjyb2pg0…` is a unique identifier for the package that
 captures all its dependencies (it’s a cryptographic hash of the

doc/manual/source/language/string-context.md

@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ String context elements come in different forms:
     > [`builtins.storePath`] creates a string with a single constant string context element:
     >
     > ```nix
-    > builtins.getContext (builtins.storePath "/nix/store/wkhdf9jinag5750mqlax6z2zbwhqb76n-hello-2.10")
+    > builtins.getContext (builtins.storePath "/nix/store/ikwkxz4wwlp2g1428n7dy729cg1d9hin-hello-2.10")
     > ```
     > evaluates to
     > ```nix
     > {
-    >   "/nix/store/wkhdf9jinag5750mqlax6z2zbwhqb76n-hello-2.10" = {
+    >   "/nix/store/ikwkxz4wwlp2g1428n7dy729cg1d9hin-hello-2.10" = {
     >     path = true;
     >   };
     > }

doc/manual/source/language/string-interpolation.md

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ A derivation interpolates to the [store path] of its first [output](./derivation
 > "${pkgs.hello}"
 > ```
 >
->     "/nix/store/4xpfqf29z4m8vbhrqcz064wfmb46w5r7-hello-2.12.1"
+>     "/nix/store/qnlr7906z0mrl2syrkdbpicffq02nw07-hello-2.12.1"
 
 An attribute set interpolates to the return value of the function in the `__toString` applied to the attribute set itself.
 

doc/manual/source/language/syntax.md

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ See [String literals](string-literals.md).
 
   Path literals can also include [string interpolation], besides being [interpolated into other expressions].
 
+  [string interpolation]: ./string-interpolation.md
   [interpolated into other expressions]: ./string-interpolation.md#interpolated-expression
 
   At least one slash (`/`) must appear *before* any interpolated expression for the result to be recognized as a path.
@@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ will crash with an `infinite recursion encountered` error message.
 
 A let-expression allows you to define local variables for an expression.
 
-> *let-in* = `let` [ *identifier* = *expr* ]... `in` *expr*
+> *let-in* = `let` [ *identifier* = *expr* `;` ]... `in` *expr*
 
 Example:
 
@@ -285,6 +286,27 @@ in x + y
 
 This evaluates to `"foobar"`.
 
+There is also another, older, syntax for let expressions that should not be used in new code:
+
+> *let* = `let` `{` *identifier* = *expr* `;` [ *identifier* = *expr* `;`]...  `}`
+
+In this form, the attribute set between the `{` `}` is recursive.
+
+One of the attributes must have the special name `body`,
+which is the result of the expression.
+
+Example:
+
+```nix
+let {
+  foo = bar;
+  bar = "baz";
+  body = foo;
+}
+```
+
+This evaluates to "baz".
+
 ## Inheriting attributes
 
 When defining an [attribute set](./types.md#type-attrs) or in a [let-expression](#let-expressions) it is often convenient to copy variables from the surrounding lexical scope (e.g., when you want to propagate attributes).

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/build-trace-entry.md

@@ -1,27 +1,21 @@
-{{#include build-trace-entry-v1-fixed.md}}
+{{#include build-trace-entry-v2-fixed.md}}
 
 ## Examples
 
 ### Simple build trace entry
 
 ```json
-{{#include schema/build-trace-entry-v1/simple.json}}
-```
-
-### Build trace entry with dependencies
-
-```json
-{{#include schema/build-trace-entry-v1/with-dependent-realisations.json}}
+{{#include schema/build-trace-entry-v2/simple.json}}
 ```
 
 ### Build trace entry with signature
 
 ```json
-{{#include schema/build-trace-entry-v1/with-signature.json}}
+{{#include schema/build-trace-entry-v2/with-signature.json}}
 ```
 
 <!--
 ## Raw Schema
 
-[JSON Schema for Build Trace Entry v1](schema/build-trace-entry-v1.json)
--->
+[JSON Schema for Build Trace Entry v1](schema/build-trace-entry-v2.json)
+-->

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/meson.build

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ schemas = [
   'derivation-v4',
   'derivation-options-v1',
   'deriving-path-v1',
-  'build-trace-entry-v1',
+  'build-trace-entry-v2',
   'build-result-v1',
   'store-v1',
 ]

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/schema/build-result-v1.yaml

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ properties:
         description: |
           A mapping from output names to their build trace entries.
         additionalProperties:
-          "$ref": "build-trace-entry-v1.yaml"
+          "$ref": "build-trace-entry-v2.yaml"
 
   failure:
     type: object

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/schema/build-trace-entry-v2.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema"
-"$id": "https://nix.dev/manual/nix/latest/protocols/json/schema/build-trace-entry-v1.json"
+"$id": "https://nix.dev/manual/nix/latest/protocols/json/schema/build-trace-entry-v2.json"
 title: Build Trace Entry
 description: |
   A record of a successful build outcome for a specific derivation output.
@@ -11,10 +11,17 @@ description: |
   > This JSON format is currently
   > [**experimental**](@docroot@/development/experimental-features.md#xp-feature-ca-derivations)
   > and subject to change.
+
+  Verision history:
+
+  - Version 1: Original format
+
+  - Version 2: Remove `dependentRealisations`
+
+type: object
 required:
   - id
   - outPath
-  - dependentRealisations
   - signatures
 allOf:
   - "$ref": "#/$defs/key"
@@ -22,9 +29,11 @@ allOf:
 properties:
   id: {}
   outPath: {}
-  dependentRealisations: {}
   signatures: {}
-additionalProperties: false
+additionalProperties:
+  dependentRealisations:
+    description: deprecated field
+    type: object
 
 "$defs":
   key:
@@ -60,7 +69,6 @@ additionalProperties: false
     type: object
     required:
       - outPath
-      - dependentRealisations
       - signatures
     properties:
       outPath:
@@ -69,19 +77,6 @@ additionalProperties: false
         description: |
           The path to the store object that resulted from building this derivation for the given output name.
 
-      dependentRealisations:
-        type: object
-        title: Underlying Base Build Trace
-        description: |
-          This is for [*derived*](@docroot@/store/build-trace.md#derived) build trace entries to ensure coherence.
-
-          Keys are derivation output IDs (same format as the main `id` field).
-          Values are the store paths that those dependencies resolved to.
-
-          As described in the linked section on derived build trace traces, derived build trace entries must be kept in addition and not instead of the underlying base build entries.
-          This is the set of base build trace entries that this derived build trace is derived from.
-          (The set is also a map since this miniature base build trace must be coherent, mapping each key to a single value.)
-
         patternProperties:
           "^sha256:[0-9a-f]{64}![a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*$":
             "$ref": "store-path-v1.yaml"

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/schema/derivation-v4.yaml

@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ properties:
           >
           > ```json
           > "srcs": [
-          >   "47y241wqdhac3jm5l7nv0x4975mb1975-separate-debug-info.sh",
-          >   "56d0w71pjj9bdr363ym3wj1zkwyqq97j-fix-pop-var-context-error.patch"
+          >   "b8nwz167km1yciqpwzjj24f8jcy8pq1h-separate-debug-info.sh",
+          >   "ihzmilr413r8fb3ah30yjnhlb18c1laz-fix-pop-var-context-error.patch"
           > ]
           > ```
         items:
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ properties:
     description: |
       Absolute path of the program used to perform the build.
       Typically this is the `bash` shell
-      (e.g. `/nix/store/r3j288vpmczbl500w6zz89gyfa4nr0b1-bash-4.4-p23/bin/bash`).
+      (e.g. `/nix/store/p4xlj4imjbnm4v0x5jf4qysvyjjlgq1d-bash-4.4-p23/bin/bash`).
 
   args:
     type: array

doc/manual/source/protocols/json/schema/store-v1.yaml

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ properties:
       "^[A-Za-z0-9+/]{43}=$":
         type: object
         additionalProperties:
-          "$ref": "./build-trace-entry-v1.yaml#/$defs/value"
+          "$ref": "./build-trace-entry-v2.yaml#/$defs/value"
     additionalProperties: false
 
 "$defs":

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-0.12.md

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
           ...
         the following paths will be downloaded/copied (30.02 MiB):
           /nix/store/4m8pvgy2dcjgppf5b4cj5l6wyshjhalj-samba-3.2.4
-          /nix/store/7h1kwcj29ip8vk26rhmx6bfjraxp0g4l-libunwind-0.98.6
+          /nix/store/spc1m987vlibchdx369qwa391s738s7l-libunwind-0.98.6
           ...
 
   - Language features:

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-0.8.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Nix 0.8 has the following improvements:
     can query all paths that directly or indirectly use a certain Glibc:
 
         $ nix-store -q --referrers-closure \
-            /nix/store/8lz9yc6zgmc0vlqmn2ipcpkjlmbi51vv-glibc-2.3.4
+            /nix/store/1a6mdrjz4wn7b9sfmcw5ggbk1mi281mh-glibc-2.3.4
 
   - The concept of fixed-output derivations has been formalised.
     Previously, functions such as `fetchurl` in Nixpkgs used a hack

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.0.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ This release has the following new features:
 
             nix copy --to ssh://machine nixpkgs.hello
 
-            nix copy --to ssh://machine /nix/store/0i2jd68mp5g6h2sa5k9c85rb80sn8hi9-hello-2.10
+            nix copy --to ssh://machine /nix/store/qbhyj3blxpw2i6pb7c6grc9185nbnpvy-hello-2.10
 
             nix copy --to ssh://machine '(with import <nixpkgs> {}; hello)'
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ This release has the following new features:
         former is primarily useful in conjunction with remote stores,
         e.g.
 
-            nix ls-store --store https://cache.nixos.org/ -lR /nix/store/0i2jd68mp5g6h2sa5k9c85rb80sn8hi9-hello-2.10
+            nix ls-store --store https://cache.nixos.org/ -lR /nix/store/qbhyj3blxpw2i6pb7c6grc9185nbnpvy-hello-2.10
 
         lists the contents of path in a binary cache.
 

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.13.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 * Allow explicitly selecting outputs in a store derivation installable, just like we can do with other sorts of installables.
   For example,
   ```shell-session
-  # nix build /nix/store/gzaflydcr6sb3567hap9q6srzx8ggdgg-glibc-2.33-78.drv^dev
+  # nix build /nix/store/fpq78s2h8ffh66v2iy0q1838mhff06y8-glibc-2.33-78.drv^dev
   ```
   now works just as
   ```shell-session

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.15.md

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
   For example,
   ```shell-session
-  $ nix path-info /nix/store/gzaflydcr6sb3567hap9q6srzx8ggdgg-glibc-2.33-78.drv
+  $ nix path-info /nix/store/fpq78s2h8ffh66v2iy0q1838mhff06y8-glibc-2.33-78.drv
   ```
 
   now gives info about the derivation itself, while
 
   ```shell-session
-  $ nix path-info /nix/store/gzaflydcr6sb3567hap9q6srzx8ggdgg-glibc-2.33-78.drv^*
+  $ nix path-info /nix/store/fpq78s2h8ffh66v2iy0q1838mhff06y8-glibc-2.33-78.drv^*
   ```
   provides information about each of its outputs.
 

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.19.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     ```json5
     [
       {
-        "path": "/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15",
+        "path": "/nix/store/fvqsvk65d38p8qqir371ii0hyqxvjcw6-bash-5.2-p15",
         "valid": true,
         // ...
       },
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
     ```json5
     {
-      "/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15": {
+      "/nix/store/fvqsvk65d38p8qqir371ii0hyqxvjcw6-bash-5.2-p15": {
         // ...
       },
       "/nix/store/wffw7l0alvs3iw94cbgi1gmmbmw99sqb-home-manager-path": null,

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.20.md

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
   «partially applied primop map»
 
   nix-repl> builtins.trace lib.id "my-value"
-  trace: «lambda id @ /nix/store/8rrzq23h2zq7sv5l2vhw44kls5w0f654-source/lib/trivial.nix:26:5»
+  trace: «lambda id @ /nix/store/kgr5lnaiiv08wb7k324yv1i1npjmrvjc-source/lib/trivial.nix:26:5»
   "my-value"
   ```
 

doc/manual/source/release-notes/rl-2.33.md

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# Release 2.33.0 (2025-12-09)
+
+## New features
+
+- New command `nix registry resolve` [#14595](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14595)
+
+  This command looks up a flake registry input name and returns the flakeref it resolves to.
+
+  For example, looking up Nixpkgs:
+
+  ```
+  $ nix registry resolve nixpkgs
+  github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable
+  ```
+
+  Upstreamed from [Determinate Nix 3.14.0](https://github.com/DeterminateSystems/nix-src/pull/273).
+
+- `nix flake clone` supports all input types [#14581](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14581)
+
+  `nix flake clone` now supports arbitrary input types. In particular, this allows you to clone tarball flakes, such as flakes on FlakeHub.
+
+  Upstreamed from [Determinate Nix 3.12.0](https://github.com/DeterminateSystems/nix-src/pull/229).
+
+## Performance improvements
+
+- Git fetcher computes `revCount`s using multiple threads [#14462](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14462)
+
+  When using Git repositories with a long history, calculating the `revCount` attribute can take a long time. Nix now computes `revCount` using multiple threads, making it much faster (e.g. 9.1s to 3.7s for Nixpkgs).
+
+  Note that if you don't need `revCount`, you can disable it altogether by setting the flake input attribute `shallow = true`.
+
+  Upstreamed from [Determinate Nix 3.12.2](https://github.com/DeterminateSystems/nix-src/pull/245).
+
+- `builtins.stringLength` now runs in constant time [#14442](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14442)
+
+  The internal representation of strings has been replaced with a size-prefixed Pascal style string. Previously Nix stored strings as a NUL-terminated array of bytes, necessitating a linear scan to calculate the length.
+
+- Uploads to `http://` and `https://` binary cache stores now run in constant memory [#14390](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14390)
+
+  Nix used to buffer the whole compressed NAR contents in memory. It now reads it in a streaming fashion.
+
+- Channel URLs migrated to channels.nixos.org subdomain [#14517](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/14517) [#14518](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14518)
+
+  Channel URLs have been updated from `https://nixos.org/channels/` to `https://channels.nixos.org/` throughout Nix. This subdomain provides better reliability with IPv6 support and improved CDN distribution. The old domain apex (`nixos.org/channels/`) currently redirects to the new location but may be deprecated in the future.
+
+- Fix `download buffer is full; consider increasing the 'download-buffer-size' setting` warning [#11728](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/11728) [#14614](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14614)
+
+  The underlying issue that led to [#11728](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/11728) has been resolved by utilizing
+  [libcurl write pausing functionality](https://curl.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_pause.html) to control backpressure when unpacking to slow destinations like the git-backed tarball cache. The default value of `download-buffer-size` is now 1 MiB and it's no longer recommended to increase it, since the root cause has been fixed.
+
+  This is expected to improve download performance on fast connections, since previously a single slow download consumer would stall the thread and prevent any other transfers from progressing.
+
+  Many thanks go out to the [Lix project](https://lix.systems/) for the [implementation](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix/commit/4ae6fb5a8f0d456b8d2ba2aaca3712b4e49057fc) that served as inspiration for this change and for triaging libcurl [issues with pausing](https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/19334).
+
+- Significantly improve tarball unpacking performance [#14689](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14689) [#14696](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14696) [#10683](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/10683) [#11098](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/11098)
+
+  Nix uses a content-addressed cache backed by libgit2 for deduplicating files fetched via `fetchTarball` and `github`, `tarball` flake inputs. Its usage has been significantly optimised to reduce the amount of I/O operations that are performed. For a typical nixpkgs source tarball this results in 200 times fewer system calls on Linux. In combination with libcurl pausing this alleviates performance regressions stemming from the tarball cache.
+
+- Already valid derivations are no longer copied to the store [#14219](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14219)
+
+  This results in a modest speedup when using the Nix daemon.
+
+- `nix nar ls` and `nix nar cat` are significantly faster and no longer buffer the whole NAR in memory [#14273](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14273) [#14732](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14732)
+
+## S3 improvements
+
+- Improved S3 binary cache support via HTTP [#11748](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/11748) [#12403](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/12403) [#12671](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/12671) [#13084](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/13084) [#13752](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/13752) [#13823](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/13823) [#14026](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14026) [#14120](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14120) [#14131](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14131) [#14135](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14135) [#14144](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14144) [#14170](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14170) [#14190](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14190) [#14198](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14198) [#14206](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14206) [#14209](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14209) [#14222](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14222) [#14223](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14223) [#14330](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14330) [#14333](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14333) [#14335](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14335) [#14336](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14336) [#14337](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14337) [#14350](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14350) [#14356](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14356) [#14357](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14357) [#14374](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14374) [#14375](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14375) [#14376](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14376) [#14377](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14377) [#14391](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14391) [#14393](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14393) [#14420](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14420) [#14421](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14421)
+
+  S3 binary cache operations now happen via HTTP, leveraging `libcurl`'s native AWS SigV4 authentication instead of the AWS C++ SDK, providing significant improvements:
+
+  - **Reduced memory usage**: Eliminates memory buffering issues that caused segfaults with large files
+  - **Fixed upload reliability**: Resolves AWS SDK chunking errors (`InvalidChunkSizeError`)
+  - **Lighter dependencies**: Uses lightweight `aws-crt-cpp` instead of full `aws-cpp-sdk`, reducing build complexity
+
+  The new implementation requires curl >= 7.75.0 and `aws-crt-cpp` for credential management.
+
+  All existing S3 URL formats and parameters remain supported, however the store settings for configuring multipart uploads have changed:
+
+  - **`multipart-upload`** (default: `false`): Enable multipart uploads for large files. When enabled, files exceeding the multipart threshold will be uploaded in multiple parts.
+
+  - **`multipart-threshold`** (default: `100 MiB`): Minimum file size for using multipart uploads. Files smaller than this will use regular PUT requests. Only takes effect when `multipart-upload` is enabled.
+
+  - **`multipart-chunk-size`** (default: `5 MiB`): Size of each part in multipart uploads. Must be at least 5 MiB (AWS S3 requirement). Larger chunk sizes reduce the number of requests but use more memory.
+
+  - **`buffer-size`**: Has been replaced by `multipart-chunk-size` and is now an alias to it.
+
+  Note that this change also means Nix now supports S3 binary cache stores even if built without `aws-crt-cpp`, but only for public buckets which do not require authentication.
+
+- S3 URLs now support object versioning via `versionId` parameter [#13955](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/13955) [#14274](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14274)
+
+  S3 URLs now support a `versionId` query parameter to fetch specific versions
+  of objects from S3 buckets with versioning enabled. This allows pinning to
+  exact object versions for reproducibility and protection against unexpected
+  changes:
+
+  ```
+  s3://bucket/key?region=us-east-1&versionId=abc123def456
+  ```
+
+- S3 binary cache stores now support storage class configuration [#7015](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/7015) [#14464](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14464)
+
+  S3 binary cache stores now support configuring the storage class for uploaded objects via the `storage-class` parameter. This allows users to optimize costs by selecting appropriate storage tiers based on access patterns.
+
+  Example usage:
+
+  ```bash
+  # Use Glacier storage for long-term archival
+  nix copy --to 's3://my-bucket?storage-class=GLACIER' /nix/store/...
+
+  # Use Intelligent Tiering for automatic cost optimization
+  nix copy --to 's3://my-bucket?storage-class=INTELLIGENT_TIERING' /nix/store/...
+  ```
+
+  The storage class applies to both regular uploads and multipart uploads. When not specified, objects use the bucket's default storage class.
+
+  See the [S3 storage classes documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html) for available storage classes and their characteristics.
+
+
+## Store path info JSON format changes
+
+The JSON format emitted by `nix path-info --json` has been updated to a new version with improved structure.
+
+To maintain compatibility, `nix path-info --json` now requires a `--json-format` flag to specify the output format version.
+Using `--json` without `--json-format` is deprecated and will become an error in a future release.
+For now, it defaults to version 1 with a warning, for a smoother migration.
+
+### Version 1 (`--json-format 1`)
+
+This is the legacy format, preserved for backwards compatibility:
+
+- String-based hash values (e.g., `"narHash": "sha256:FePFYIlM..."`)
+- String-based content addresses (e.g., `"ca": "fixed:r:sha256:1abc..."`)
+- Full store paths for map keys and references (e.g., `"/nix/store/abc...-foo"`)
+- Now includes `"storeDir"` field at the top level
+
+### Version 2 (`--json-format 2`)
+
+The new structured format follows the [JSON guidelines](@docroot@/development/json-guideline.md) with the following changes:
+
+- **Nested structure with top-level metadata**:
+
+  The output is now wrapped in an object with `version`, `storeDir`, and `info` fields:
+
+  ```json
+  {
+    "version": 2,
+    "storeDir": "/nix/store",
+    "info": { ... }
+  }
+  ```
+
+  The map from store path base names to store object info is nested under the `info` field.
+
+- **Store path base names instead of full paths**:
+
+  Map keys and references use store path base names (e.g., `"abc...-foo"`) instead of full absolute store paths.
+  Combined with `storeDir`, the full path can be reconstructed.
+
+- **Structured `ca` field**:
+
+  Content address is now a structured JSON object instead of a string:
+
+  - Old: `"ca": "fixed:r:sha256:1abc..."`
+  - New: `"ca": {"method": "nar", "hash": "sha256-ungWv48Bz+pBQUDeXa4iI7ADYaOWF3qctBD/YfIAFa0="}`
+  - Still `null` values for input-addressed store objects
+
+  The `hash` field uses the [SRI](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity) format like other hashes.
+
+Additionally the following fields are added to both formats:
+
+  - **`version` field**:
+
+    All store path info JSON now includes `"version": <1|2>`. The `version` tracks breaking changes, and adding fields to outputted JSON is not a breaking change.
+
+  - **`storeDir` field**:
+
+    Top-level `"storeDir"` field contains the store directory path (e.g., `"/nix/store"`).
+
+## Derivation JSON format changes
+
+The derivation JSON format has been updated from version 3 to version 4:
+
+- **Nested structure with top-level metadata**:
+
+  The output of `nix derivation show` is now wrapped in an object with `version` and `derivations` fields:
+
+  ```json
+  {
+    "version": 4,
+    "derivations": { ... }
+  }
+  ```
+
+  The map from derivation paths to derivation info is nested under the `derivations` field.
+
+  This matches the structure used for `nix path-info --json --json-format 2`, and likewise brings this command into compliance with the JSON guidelines.
+
+- **Restructured inputs**:
+
+  Inputs are now nested under an `inputs` object:
+
+  - Old: `"inputSrcs": [...], "inputDrvs": {...}`
+  - New: `"inputs": {"srcs": [...], "drvs": {...}}`
+
+- **Consistent content addresses**:
+
+  Fixed content-addressed outputs now use structured JSON format.
+  This is the same format as `ca` in store path info (after the new version).
+
+Version 3 and earlier formats are *not* accepted when reading.
+
+**Affected command**: `nix derivation`, namely its `show` and `add` sub-commands.
+
+## Miscellaneous changes
+
+- Git fetcher: Restore progress indication [#14487](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14487)
+
+  Nix used to feel "stuck" while it was cloning large repositories. Nix now shows Git's native progress indicator while fetching.
+
+  Upstreamed from [Determinate Nix 3.13.0](https://github.com/DeterminateSystems/nix-src/pull/250).
+
+- Interrupting REPL commands works more than once [#13481](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/13481)
+
+  Previously, this only worked once per REPL session; further attempts would be ignored.
+  This issue is now fixed, so REPL commands such as `:b` or `:p` can be canceled consistently.
+  This is a cherry-pick of the change from the [Lix project](https://gerrit.lix.systems/c/lix/+/1097).
+
+- NAR unpacking code has been rewritten to make use of dirfd-based `openat` and `openat2` system calls when available [#14597](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14597)
+
+- Dynamic size unit rendering [#14423](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14423) [#14364](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/14364)
+
+  Various commands and the progress bar now use dynamically determined size units instead
+  of always using `MiB`. For example, the progress bar now reports download status like:
+
+  ```
+  [1/196/197 copied (773.7 MiB/2.1 GiB), 172.4/421.5 MiB DL]
+  ```
+
+  Instead of:
+
+  ```
+  [1/196/197 copied (773.7/2147.3 MiB), 172.4/421.5 MiB DL]
+  ```
+
+## Contributors
+
+This release was made possible by the following 33 contributors:
+
+- Adam Dinwoodie [**(@me-and)**](https://github.com/me-and)
+- jonhermansen [**(@jonhermansen)**](https://github.com/jonhermansen)
+- Arnout Engelen [**(@raboof)**](https://github.com/raboof)
+- Jean-François Roche [**(@jfroche)**](https://github.com/jfroche)
+- tomberek [**(@tomberek)**](https://github.com/tomberek)
+- Eelco Dolstra [**(@edolstra)**](https://github.com/edolstra)
+- Marcel [**(@MarcelCoding)**](https://github.com/MarcelCoding)
+- David McFarland [**(@corngood)**](https://github.com/corngood)
+- Soumyadip Sarkar [**(@neuralsorcerer)**](https://github.com/neuralsorcerer)
+- Cole Helbling [**(@cole-h)**](https://github.com/cole-h)
+- John Ericson [**(@Ericson2314)**](https://github.com/Ericson2314)
+- Tristan Ross [**(@RossComputerGuy)**](https://github.com/RossComputerGuy)
+- Alex Auvolat [**(@Alexis211)**](https://github.com/Alexis211)
+- edef [**(@edef1c)**](https://github.com/edef1c)
+- Sergei Zimmerman [**(@xokdvium)**](https://github.com/xokdvium)
+- Vinayak Goyal [**(@vinayakankugoyal)**](https://github.com/vinayakankugoyal)
+- Graham Dennis [**(@GrahamDennis)**](https://github.com/GrahamDennis)
+- Aspen Smith [**(@glittershark)**](https://github.com/glittershark)
+- Jens Petersen [**(@juhp)**](https://github.com/juhp)
+- Bernardo Meurer [**(@lovesegfault)**](https://github.com/lovesegfault)
+- Peter Bynum [**(@pkpbynum)**](https://github.com/pkpbynum)
+- Jörg Thalheim [**(@Mic92)**](https://github.com/Mic92)
+- Alex Decious [**(@adeci)**](https://github.com/adeci)
+- Matthieu Coudron [**(@teto)**](https://github.com/teto)
+- Domen Kožar [**(@domenkozar)**](https://github.com/domenkozar)
+- Taeer Bar-Yam [**(@Radvendii)**](https://github.com/Radvendii)
+- Seth Flynn [**(@getchoo)**](https://github.com/getchoo)
+- Robert Hensing [**(@roberth)**](https://github.com/roberth)
+- Vladimir Panteleev [**(@CyberShadow)**](https://github.com/CyberShadow)
+- bryango [**(@bryango)**](https://github.com/bryango)
+- Henry [**(@cootshk)**](https://github.com/cootshk)
+- Martin Joerg [**(@mjoerg)**](https://github.com/mjoerg)
+- Farid Zakaria [**(@fzakaria)**](https://github.com/fzakaria)

doc/manual/source/store/store-path.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 > **Example**
 >
-> `/nix/store/a040m110amc4h71lds2jmr8qrkj2jhxd-git-2.38.1`
+> `/nix/store/jf6gn2dzna4nmsfbdxsd7kwhsk6gnnlr-git-2.38.1`
 >
 > A rendered store path
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Store paths are pairs of
 
 > **Example**
 >
-> - Digest: `b6gvzjyb2pg0kjfwrjmg1vfhh54ad73z`
+> - Digest: `q06x3jll2yfzckz2bzqak089p43ixkkq`
 > - Name:   `firefox-33.1`
 
 To make store objects accessible to operating system processes, stores have to expose store objects through the file system.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ A store path is rendered to a file system path as the concatenation of
 > **Example**
 >
 > ```
->   /nix/store/b6gvzjyb2pg0kjfwrjmg1vfhh54ad73z-firefox-33.1
+>   /nix/store/q06x3jll2yfzckz2bzqak089p43ixkkq-firefox-33.1
 >   |--------| |------------------------------| |----------|
 > store directory            digest                 name
 > ```

doc/manual/source/store/types/index.md.in

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Stores are specified using a URL-like syntax. For example, the command
 
 ```console
 # nix path-info --store https://cache.nixos.org/ --json \
-  /nix/store/a7gvj343m05j2s32xcnwr35v31ynlypr-coreutils-9.1
+  /nix/store/1542dip9i7k4f24y6hqgd04hmvid9hr5-coreutils-9.1
 ```
 
 fetches information about a store path in the HTTP binary cache

flake.lock

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
     "flake-compat": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1733328505,
-        "narHash": "sha256-NeCCThCEP3eCl2l/+27kNNK7QrwZB1IJCrXfrbv5oqU=",
-        "owner": "edolstra",
+        "lastModified": 1767039857,
+        "narHash": "sha256-vNpUSpF5Nuw8xvDLj2KCwwksIbjua2LZCqhV1LNRDns=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "flake-compat",
-        "rev": "ff81ac966bb2cae68946d5ed5fc4994f96d0ffec",
+        "rev": "5edf11c44bc78a0d334f6334cdaf7d60d732daab",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
-        "owner": "edolstra",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "flake-compat",
         "type": "github"
       }

flake.nix

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   inputs.nixpkgs-regression.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2";
   inputs.nixpkgs-23-11.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/a62e6edd6d5e1fa0329b8653c801147986f8d446";
   inputs.flake-compat = {
-    url = "github:edolstra/flake-compat";
+    url = "github:NixOS/flake-compat";
     flake = false;
   };
 
@@ -418,10 +418,6 @@
                 supportsCross = false;
               };
 
-              "nix-kaitai-struct-checks" = {
-                supportsCross = false;
-              };
-
               "nix-perl-bindings" = {
                 supportsCross = false;
               };

maintainers/data/release-credits-email-to-handle.json

@@ -224,5 +224,25 @@
     "42688647+netadr@users.noreply.github.com": "netadr",
     "matej.urbas@gmail.com": "urbas",
     "ethanalexevans@gmail.com": "ethanavatar",
-    "greg.marti@gmail.com": "gmarti"
+    "greg.marti@gmail.com": "gmarti",
+    "arnout@bzzt.net": "raboof",
+    "vinayakankugoyal@gmail.com": "vinayakankugoyal",
+    "Radvendii@users.noreply.github.com": "Radvendii",
+    "jon@jh86.org": "jonhermansen",
+    "edef@edef.eu": "edef1c",
+    "pkpbynum@gmail.com": "pkpbynum",
+    "886074+teto@users.noreply.github.com": "teto",
+    "alex@adnab.me": "Alexis211",
+    "root@gws.fyi": "glittershark",
+    "me@m4rc3l.de": "MarcelCoding",
+    "taeer.bar-yam@bevuta.com": "Radvendii",
+    "martin.joerg@gmail.com": "mjoerg",
+    "git@cy.md": "CyberShadow",
+    "cootshk@duck.com": "cootshk",
+    "adam@dinwoodie.org": "me-and",
+    "domen@cachix.org": "domenkozar",
+    "alex.decious@gmail.com": "adeci",
+    "soumya.papanvk18@gmail.com": "neuralsorcerer",
+    "gdennis@anduril.com": null,
+    "graham.dennis@gmail.com": "GrahamDennis"
 }

maintainers/data/release-credits-handle-to-name.json

@@ -196,5 +196,21 @@
     "gmarti": "Gr\u00e9gory Marti",
     "lovesegfault": "Bernardo Meurer",
     "EphraimSiegfried": "Ephraim Siegfried",
-    "hgl": "Glen Huang"
+    "hgl": "Glen Huang",
+    "mjoerg": "Martin Joerg",
+    "Alexis211": "Alex Auvolat",
+    "domenkozar": "Domen Ko\u017ear",
+    "edef1c": "edef",
+    "cootshk": "Henry",
+    "raboof": "Arnout Engelen",
+    "pkpbynum": "Peter Bynum",
+    "glittershark": "Aspen Smith",
+    "MarcelCoding": "Marcel",
+    "teto": "Matthieu Coudron",
+    "jonhermansen": null,
+    "neuralsorcerer": "Soumyadip Sarkar",
+    "adeci": "Alex Decious",
+    "vinayakankugoyal": "Vinayak Goyal",
+    "me-and": "Adam Dinwoodie",
+    "GrahamDennis": "Graham Dennis"
 }

maintainers/invalidate-store-paths.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+set -x
+
+git ls-files -z \
+    | xargs -0 grep -o '[0123456789abcdfghijklmnpqrsvwxyz]\{32\}' 2> /dev/null \
+    | rev \
+    | cut -d: -f1 \
+    | rev \
+    | sort \
+    | uniq \
+    | while read -r oldhash; do
+        if ! curl --fail -I "https://cache.nixos.org/$oldhash.narinfo" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        newhash=$(
+            nix eval --expr "builtins.toFile \"006c6ssvddri1sg34wnw65mzd05pcp3qliylxlhv49binldajba5\" \"$oldhash\"" \
+                | cut -d- -f1 \
+                | cut -d/ -f4
+        )
+
+        msg=$(printf "bad: %s -> %s" "$oldhash" "$newhash")
+        echo "$msg"
+        git ls-files -z \
+            | xargs -0 grep -a -l "$oldhash" 2> /dev/null \
+            | while read -r file; do
+                [ -L "$file" ] && continue
+                perl -pi -e "s/$oldhash/$newhash/g" "$file" || true
+            done || true
+        git commit -am "$msg"
+    done

maintainers/keys/158A6F530EA202E5F651611314FAEA63448E1DF9.asc

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+b9lOsBIL6xc2ZcnX5f+rTu02LCEtEb0FwCycZLEWYf8hG4k8uttIOZOC+CLk/k8d
+kBmPikMwUVTTV0CdT1cemQKdTaoAaK+kurF6FYXwcnjhRlHrisSt/tVMEwTw4LUM
+3MYf6qfjjvE4HlDwZal8th7ccoQp/flfJIuRv85xCcKK+PI=
+=u5cX
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

maintainers/keys/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Maintainer GPG Keys
+
+Release tags are signed by members of the [Nix maintainer team](https://nixos.org/community/teams/nix/) as part of the [release process](../release-process.md). This directory contains the public GPG keys used for signing.
+
+## Keys
+
+- **Eelco Dolstra**
+  GPG Fingerprint: `B541 D553 0127 0E0B CF15 CA5D 8170 B472 6D71 98DE`
+
+- **Sergei Zimmerman**
+  GPG Fingerprint: [`158A 6F53 0EA2 02E5 F651 6113 14FA EA63 448E 1DF9`](https://keys.openpgp.org/vks/v1/by-fingerprint/158A6F530EA202E5F651611314FAEA63448E1DF9)
+
+<!-- TODO: Add keys for other Nix team members -->

maintainers/release-process.md

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 The release process is intended to create the following for each
 release:
 
-* A Git tag
+* A signed Git tag (public keys in `maintainers/keys/`)
 
 * Binary tarballs in https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/
 
-* Docker images
+* Docker images (arm64 and amd64 variants, uploaded to DockerHub and GHCR)
 
 * Closures in https://cache.nixos.org
 
@@ -104,21 +104,17 @@ release:
   evaluation ID (e.g. `1780832` in
   `https://hydra.nixos.org/eval/1780832`).
 
-* Tag the release and upload the release artifacts to
-  [`releases.nixos.org`](https://releases.nixos.org/) and [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/):
+* Tag the release:
 
   ```console
-  $ IS_LATEST=1 ./maintainers/upload-release.pl <EVAL-ID>
+  $ IS_LATEST=1 ./maintainers/upload-release.pl --skip-docker --skip-s3 --project-root $PWD <EVAL-ID>
   ```
 
   Note: `IS_LATEST=1` causes the `latest-release` branch to be
   force-updated. This is used by the `nixos.org` website to get the
   [latest Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/).
 
-  TODO: This script requires the right AWS credentials. Document.
-
-  TODO: This script currently requires a
-  `/home/eelco/Dev/nix-pristine`.
+* Trigger the [`upload-release.yml` workflow](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/actions/workflows/upload-release.yml) via `workflow_dispatch` trigger. At the top click `Run workflow` -> select the current release branch from `Use workflow from` -> fill in `Hydra evaluation ID` with `<EVAL-ID>` value from previous steps -> click `Run workflow`. Wait for the run to be approved by `NixOS/nix-team` (or bypass checks if warranted). Wait for the workflow to succeed.
 
   TODO: trigger nixos.org netlify: https://docs.netlify.com/configure-builds/build-hooks/
 
@@ -181,16 +177,18 @@ release:
 * Wait for the desired evaluation of the maintenance jobset to finish
   building.
 
-* Run
+* Tag the release
 
   ```console
-  $ IS_LATEST=1 ./maintainers/upload-release.pl <EVAL-ID>
+  $ IS_LATEST=1 ./maintainers/upload-release.pl --skip-docker --skip-s3 --project-root $PWD <EVAL-ID>
   ```
 
   Omit `IS_LATEST=1` when creating a point release that is not on the
   most recent stable branch. This prevents `nixos.org` to going back
   to an older release.
 
+* Trigger the [`upload-release.yml` workflow](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/actions/workflows/upload-release.yml) via `workflow_dispatch` trigger. At the top click `Run workflow` -> select the current release branch from `Use workflow from` -> fill in `Hydra evaluation ID` with `<EVAL-ID>` value from previous steps -> click `Run workflow`. Wait for the run to be approved by `NixOS/nix-team` (or bypass checks if warranted). Wait for the workflow to succeed.
+
 * Bump the version number of the release branch as above (e.g. to
   `2.12.2`).
 

maintainers/upload-release.pl

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #! /usr/bin/env nix-shell
-#! nix-shell -i perl -p perl perlPackages.LWPUserAgent perlPackages.LWPProtocolHttps perlPackages.FileSlurp perlPackages.NetAmazonS3 gnupg1
+#! nix-shell -i perl -p awscli2 perl perlPackages.LWPUserAgent perlPackages.LWPProtocolHttps perlPackages.FileSlurp perlPackages.NetAmazonS3 perlPackages.GetoptLongDescriptive gnupg1
 
 use strict;
+use Getopt::Long::Descriptive;
 use Data::Dumper;
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path;
@@ -13,7 +14,30 @@ use Net::Amazon::S3;
 
 delete $ENV{'shell'}; # shut up a LWP::UserAgent.pm warning
 
-my $evalId = $ARGV[0] or die "Usage: $0 EVAL-ID\n";
+my ($opt, $usage) = describe_options(
+    '%c %o <eval-id>',
+    [ 'skip-docker',      'Skip Docker image upload' ],
+    [ 'skip-git',         'Skip Git tagging' ],
+    [ 'skip-s3',          'Skip S3 upload' ],
+    [ 'docker-owner=s',   'Docker image owner', { default => 'nixos/nix' } ],
+    [ 'project-root=s',   'Pristine git repository path' ],
+    [ 's3-endpoint=s',    'Custom S3 endpoint' ],
+    [ 's3-host=s',        'S3 host', { default => 's3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com' } ],
+    [],
+    [ 'help|h',           'Show this help message', { shortcircuit => 1 } ],
+    [],
+    [ 'Environment variables:' ],
+    [ 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID' ],
+    [ 'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY' ],
+    [ 'AWS_SESSION_TOKEN   For OIDC' ],
+    [ 'IS_LATEST           Set to "1" to mark as latest release' ],
+);
+
+print($usage->text), exit if $opt->help;
+
+my $evalId = $ARGV[0] or do { print STDERR $usage->text; exit 1 };
+
+die "--project-root is required unless --skip-git is specified\n" unless $opt->skip_git || $opt->project_root;
 
 my $releasesBucketName = "nix-releases";
 my $channelsBucketName = "nix-channels";
@@ -62,25 +86,38 @@ File::Path::make_path($narCache);
 my $binaryCache = "https://cache.nixos.org/?local-nar-cache=$narCache";
 
 # S3 setup.
-my $aws_access_key_id = $ENV{'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'} or die "No AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID given.";
-my $aws_secret_access_key = $ENV{'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'} or die "No AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY given.";
+my $aws_access_key_id = $ENV{'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'};
+my $aws_secret_access_key = $ENV{'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'};
+my $aws_session_token = $ENV{'AWS_SESSION_TOKEN'};
 
-my $s3 = Net::Amazon::S3->new(
-    { aws_access_key_id     => $aws_access_key_id,
-      aws_secret_access_key => $aws_secret_access_key,
-      retry                 => 1,
-      host                  => "s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com",
-    });
+my ($s3, $releasesBucket, $s3_channels, $channelsBucket);
 
-my $releasesBucket = $s3->bucket($releasesBucketName) or die;
+unless ($opt->skip_s3) {
+    $aws_access_key_id or die "No AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID given.";
+    $aws_secret_access_key or die "No AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY given.";
 
-my $s3_us = Net::Amazon::S3->new(
-    { aws_access_key_id     => $aws_access_key_id,
-      aws_secret_access_key => $aws_secret_access_key,
-      retry                 => 1,
-    });
+    $s3 = Net::Amazon::S3->new(
+        { aws_access_key_id     => $aws_access_key_id,
+          aws_secret_access_key => $aws_secret_access_key,
+          $aws_session_token ? (aws_session_token => $aws_session_token) : (),
+          retry                 => 1,
+          host                  => $opt->s3_host,
+          secure                => ($opt->s3_endpoint && $opt->s3_endpoint =~ /^http:/) ? 0 : 1,
+        });
 
-my $channelsBucket = $s3_us->bucket($channelsBucketName) or die;
+    $releasesBucket = $s3->bucket($releasesBucketName) or die;
+
+    $s3_channels = Net::Amazon::S3->new(
+        { aws_access_key_id     => $aws_access_key_id,
+          aws_secret_access_key => $aws_secret_access_key,
+          $aws_session_token ? (aws_session_token => $aws_session_token) : (),
+          retry                 => 1,
+          $opt->s3_endpoint ? (host => $opt->s3_host) : (),
+          $opt->s3_endpoint ? (secure => ($opt->s3_endpoint =~ /^http:/) ? 0 : 1) : (),
+        });
+
+    $channelsBucket = $s3_channels->bucket($channelsBucketName) or die;
+}
 
 sub getStorePath {
     my ($jobName, $output) = @_;
@@ -115,11 +152,12 @@ sub copyManual {
         File::Path::remove_tree("$tmpDir/manual.tmp", {safe => 1});
     }
 
-    system("aws s3 sync '$tmpDir/manual' s3://$releasesBucketName/$releaseDir/manual") == 0
+    my $awsEndpoint = $opt->s3_endpoint ? "--endpoint-url " . $opt->s3_endpoint : "";
+    system("aws $awsEndpoint s3 sync '$tmpDir/manual' s3://$releasesBucketName/$releaseDir/manual") == 0
         or die "syncing manual to S3\n";
 }
 
-copyManual;
+copyManual unless $opt->skip_s3;
 
 sub downloadFile {
     my ($jobName, $productNr, $dstName) = @_;
@@ -158,30 +196,12 @@ sub downloadFile {
     return $sha256_expected;
 }
 
-downloadFile("binaryTarball.i686-linux", "1");
-downloadFile("binaryTarball.x86_64-linux", "1");
-downloadFile("binaryTarball.aarch64-linux", "1");
-downloadFile("binaryTarball.x86_64-darwin", "1");
-downloadFile("binaryTarball.aarch64-darwin", "1");
-eval {
-    downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.armv6l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf", "1");
-};
-warn "$@" if $@;
-eval {
-    downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.armv7l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf", "1");
-};
-warn "$@" if $@;
-eval {
-    downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu", "1");
-};
-warn "$@" if $@;
-downloadFile("installerScript", "1");
-
-# Upload docker images to dockerhub.
+# Upload docker images.
 my $dockerManifest = "";
 my $dockerManifestLatest = "";
 my $haveDocker = 0;
 
+unless ($opt->skip_docker) {
 for my $platforms (["x86_64-linux", "amd64"], ["aarch64-linux", "arm64"]) {
     my $system = $platforms->[0];
     my $dockerPlatform = $platforms->[1];
@@ -195,8 +215,8 @@ for my $platforms (["x86_64-linux", "amd64"], ["aarch64-linux", "arm64"]) {
     print STDERR "loading docker image for $dockerPlatform...\n";
     system("docker load -i $tmpDir/$fn") == 0 or die;
 
-    my $tag = "nixos/nix:$version-$dockerPlatform";
-    my $latestTag = "nixos/nix:latest-$dockerPlatform";
+    my $tag = $opt->docker_owner . ":$version-$dockerPlatform";
+    my $latestTag = $opt->docker_owner . ":latest-$dockerPlatform";
 
     print STDERR "tagging $version docker image for $dockerPlatform...\n";
     system("docker tag nix:$version $tag") == 0 or die;
@@ -219,68 +239,94 @@ for my $platforms (["x86_64-linux", "amd64"], ["aarch64-linux", "arm64"]) {
 }
 
 if ($haveDocker) {
+    my $dockerOwner = $opt->docker_owner;
     print STDERR "creating multi-platform docker manifest...\n";
-    system("docker manifest rm nixos/nix:$version");
-    system("docker manifest create nixos/nix:$version $dockerManifest") == 0 or die;
+    system("docker manifest rm $dockerOwner:$version");
+    system("docker manifest create $dockerOwner:$version $dockerManifest") == 0 or die;
     if ($isLatest) {
         print STDERR "creating latest multi-platform docker manifest...\n";
-        system("docker manifest rm nixos/nix:latest");
-        system("docker manifest create nixos/nix:latest $dockerManifestLatest") == 0 or die;
+        system("docker manifest rm $dockerOwner:latest");
+        system("docker manifest create $dockerOwner:latest $dockerManifestLatest") == 0 or die;
     }
 
     print STDERR "pushing multi-platform docker manifest...\n";
-    system("docker manifest push nixos/nix:$version") == 0 or die;
+    system("docker manifest push $dockerOwner:$version") == 0 or die;
 
     if ($isLatest) {
         print STDERR "pushing latest multi-platform docker manifest...\n";
-        system("docker manifest push nixos/nix:latest") == 0 or die;
+        system("docker manifest push $dockerOwner:latest") == 0 or die;
     }
 }
+}
 
-# Upload nix-fallback-paths.nix.
-write_file("$tmpDir/fallback-paths.nix",
-    "{\n" .
-    "  x86_64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.x86_64-linux") . "\";\n" .
-    "  i686-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.i686-linux") . "\";\n" .
-    "  aarch64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.aarch64-linux") . "\";\n" .
-    "  riscv64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("buildCross.nix-everything.riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu.x86_64-linux") . "\";\n" .
-    "  x86_64-darwin = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.x86_64-darwin") . "\";\n" .
-    "  aarch64-darwin = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.aarch64-darwin") . "\";\n" .
-    "}\n");
 
 # Upload release files to S3.
-for my $fn (glob "$tmpDir/*") {
-    my $name = basename($fn);
-    next if $name eq "manual";
-    my $dstKey = "$releaseDir/" . $name;
-    unless (defined $releasesBucket->head_key($dstKey)) {
-        print STDERR "uploading $fn to s3://$releasesBucketName/$dstKey...\n";
+unless ($opt->skip_s3) {
+    downloadFile("binaryTarball.i686-linux", "1");
+    downloadFile("binaryTarball.x86_64-linux", "1");
+    downloadFile("binaryTarball.aarch64-linux", "1");
+    downloadFile("binaryTarball.x86_64-darwin", "1");
+    downloadFile("binaryTarball.aarch64-darwin", "1");
+    eval {
+        downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.armv6l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf", "1");
+    };
+    warn "$@" if $@;
+    eval {
+        downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.armv7l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf", "1");
+    };
+    warn "$@" if $@;
+    eval {
+        downloadFile("binaryTarballCross.x86_64-linux.riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu", "1");
+    };
+    warn "$@" if $@;
+    downloadFile("installerScript", "1");
 
-        my $configuration = ();
-        $configuration->{content_type} = "application/octet-stream";
+    # Upload nix-fallback-paths.nix.
+    write_file("$tmpDir/fallback-paths.nix",
+        "{\n" .
+        "  x86_64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.x86_64-linux") . "\";\n" .
+        "  i686-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.i686-linux") . "\";\n" .
+        "  aarch64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.aarch64-linux") . "\";\n" .
+        "  riscv64-linux = \"" . getStorePath("buildCross.nix-everything.riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu.x86_64-linux") . "\";\n" .
+        "  x86_64-darwin = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.x86_64-darwin") . "\";\n" .
+        "  aarch64-darwin = \"" . getStorePath("build.nix-everything.aarch64-darwin") . "\";\n" .
+        "}\n");
 
-        if ($fn =~ /.sha256|install|\.nix$/) {
-            $configuration->{content_type} = "text/plain";
+    for my $fn (glob "$tmpDir/*") {
+        my $name = basename($fn);
+        next if $name eq "manual";
+        my $dstKey = "$releaseDir/" . $name;
+        unless (defined $releasesBucket->head_key($dstKey)) {
+            print STDERR "uploading $fn to s3://$releasesBucketName/$dstKey...\n";
+
+            my $configuration = ();
+            $configuration->{content_type} = "application/octet-stream";
+
+            if ($fn =~ /.sha256|install|\.nix$/) {
+                $configuration->{content_type} = "text/plain";
+            }
+
+            $releasesBucket->add_key_filename($dstKey, $fn, $configuration)
+                or die $releasesBucket->err . ": " . $releasesBucket->errstr;
         }
-
-        $releasesBucket->add_key_filename($dstKey, $fn, $configuration)
-            or die $releasesBucket->err . ": " . $releasesBucket->errstr;
     }
+
+    # Update the "latest" symlink.
+    $channelsBucket->add_key(
+        "nix-latest/install", "",
+        { "x-amz-website-redirect-location" => "https://releases.nixos.org/$releaseDir/install" })
+        or die $channelsBucket->err . ": " . $channelsBucket->errstr
+        if $isLatest;
 }
 
-# Update the "latest" symlink.
-$channelsBucket->add_key(
-    "nix-latest/install", "",
-    { "x-amz-website-redirect-location" => "https://releases.nixos.org/$releaseDir/install" })
-    or die $channelsBucket->err . ": " . $channelsBucket->errstr
-    if $isLatest;
-
 # Tag the release in Git.
-chdir("/home/eelco/Dev/nix-pristine") or die;
-system("git remote update origin") == 0 or die;
-system("git tag --force --sign $version $nixRev -m 'Tagging release $version'") == 0 or die;
-system("git push --tags") == 0 or die;
-system("git push --force-with-lease origin $nixRev:refs/heads/latest-release") == 0 or die if $isLatest;
+unless ($opt->skip_git) {
+    chdir($opt->project_root) or die "Cannot chdir to " . $opt->project_root . ": $!";
+    system("git remote update origin") == 0 or die;
+    system("git tag --force --sign $version $nixRev -m 'Tagging release $version'") == 0 or die;
+    system("git push origin refs/tags/$version") == 0 or die;
+    system("git push --force-with-lease origin $nixRev:refs/heads/latest-release") == 0 or die if $isLatest;
+}
 
 File::Path::remove_tree($narCache, {safe => 1});
 File::Path::remove_tree($tmpDir, {safe => 1});

meson.build

@@ -63,6 +63,3 @@ subproject('nix-functional-tests')
 if get_option('json-schema-checks')
   subproject('json-schema-checks')
 endif
-if get_option('kaitai-struct-checks')
-  subproject('kaitai-struct-checks')
-endif

meson.options

@@ -28,13 +28,6 @@ option(
   description : 'Build benchmarks (requires gbenchmark)',
 )
 
-option(
-  'kaitai-struct-checks',
-  type : 'boolean',
-  value : true,
-  description : 'Check the Kaitai Struct specifications (requires Kaitai Struct)',
-)
-
 option(
   'json-schema-checks',
   type : 'boolean',

packaging/components.nix

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ let
       +
         lib.optionalString
           (
-            !stdenv.hostPlatform.isWindows
+            !(stdenv.hostPlatform.isWindows || stdenv.hostPlatform.isCygwin)
             # build failure
             && !stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic
             # LTO breaks exception handling on x86-64-darwin.
@@ -452,11 +452,6 @@ in
   */
   nix-json-schema-checks = callPackage ../src/json-schema-checks/package.nix { };
 
-  /**
-    Kaitai struct schema validation checks
-  */
-  nix-kaitai-struct-checks = callPackage ../src/kaitai-struct-checks/package.nix { };
-
   nix-perl-bindings = callPackage ../src/perl/package.nix { };
 
   /**

packaging/dependencies.nix

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ scope: {
     postInstall =
       lib.replaceStrings [ "lowdown.so.1" "lowdown.1.dylib" ] [ "lowdown.so.2" "lowdown.2.dylib" ]
         (prevAttrs.postInstall or "");
+    patches = [ ];
   });
 
   # TODO: Remove this when https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/442682 is included in a stable release

packaging/dev-shell.nix

@@ -142,12 +142,23 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
     internalDrvs = byDrvPath (
       # Drop the attr names (not present in buildInputs anyway)
       lib.attrValues availableComponents
-      ++ lib.concatMap (c: lib.attrValues c.tests or { }) (lib.attrValues availableComponents)
+      ++ lib.concatMap (c: lib.filter (v: !v.meta.broken) (lib.attrValues (c.tests or { }))) (
+        lib.attrValues availableComponents
+      )
     );
 
     isInternal =
       dep: internalDrvs ? ${builtins.unsafeDiscardStringContext dep.drvPath or "_non-existent_"};
 
+    activeComponentNames = lib.listToAttrs (
+      map (c: {
+        name = c.pname or c.name;
+        value = null;
+      }) activeComponents
+    );
+
+    isActiveComponent = name: activeComponentNames ? ${name};
+
   in
   {
     pname = "shell-for-nix";
@@ -190,27 +201,19 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
           }
         );
 
-      small =
-        (finalAttrs.finalPackage.withActiveComponents (
-          c:
-          lib.intersectAttrs (lib.genAttrs [
-            "nix-cli"
-            "nix-util-tests"
-            "nix-store-tests"
-            "nix-expr-tests"
-            "nix-fetchers-tests"
-            "nix-flake-tests"
-            "nix-functional-tests"
-            "nix-perl-bindings"
-          ] (_: null)) c
-        )).overrideAttrs
-          (o: {
-            mesonFlags = o.mesonFlags ++ [
-              # TODO: infer from activeComponents or vice versa
-              "-Dkaitai-struct-checks=false"
-              "-Djson-schema-checks=false"
-            ];
-          });
+      small = finalAttrs.finalPackage.withActiveComponents (
+        c:
+        lib.intersectAttrs (lib.genAttrs [
+          "nix-cli"
+          "nix-util-tests"
+          "nix-store-tests"
+          "nix-expr-tests"
+          "nix-fetchers-tests"
+          "nix-flake-tests"
+          "nix-functional-tests"
+          "nix-perl-bindings"
+        ] (_: null)) c
+      );
     };
 
     # Remove the version suffix to avoid unnecessary attempts to substitute in nix develop
@@ -258,10 +261,13 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
 
     # We use this shell with the local checkout, not unpackPhase.
     src = null;
+
     # Workaround https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2025-October/221398.html
     # Remove when gdb fix is rolled out everywhere.
     separateDebugInfo = false;
 
+    mesonBuildType = "debugoptimized";
+
     env = {
       # For `make format`, to work without installing pre-commit
       _NIX_PRE_COMMIT_HOOKS_CONFIG = "${(pkgs.formats.yaml { }).generate "pre-commit-config.yaml"
@@ -275,21 +281,32 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
 
     dontUseCmakeConfigure = true;
 
-    mesonFlags =
-      map (transformFlag "libutil") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.mesonFlags)
-      ++ map (transformFlag "libstore") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-store.mesonFlags)
-      ++ map (transformFlag "libfetchers") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-fetchers.mesonFlags)
-      ++ lib.optionals havePerl (
-        map (transformFlag "perl") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-perl-bindings.mesonFlags)
-      )
-      ++ map (transformFlag "libexpr") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-expr.mesonFlags)
-      ++ map (transformFlag "libcmd") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-cmd.mesonFlags);
+    mesonFlags = [
+      (lib.mesonBool "json-schema-checks" (isActiveComponent "nix-json-schema-checks"))
+    ]
+    ++ map (transformFlag "libutil") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.mesonFlags)
+    ++ map (transformFlag "libstore") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-store.mesonFlags)
+    ++ map (transformFlag "libfetchers") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-fetchers.mesonFlags)
+    ++ lib.optionals havePerl (
+      map (transformFlag "perl") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-perl-bindings.mesonFlags)
+    )
+    ++ map (transformFlag "libexpr") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-expr.mesonFlags)
+    ++ map (transformFlag "libcmd") (ignoreCrossFile pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-cmd.mesonFlags);
 
     nativeBuildInputs =
       let
         inputs =
           dedupByString (v: "${v}") (
-            lib.filter (x: !isInternal x) (lib.lists.concatMap (c: c.nativeBuildInputs) activeComponents)
+            lib.filter (x: !isInternal x) (
+              lib.lists.concatMap (
+                # Nix manual has a build-time dependency on nix, but we
+                # don't want to do a native build just to enter the ross
+                # dev shell.
+                #
+                # TODO: think of a more principled fix for this.
+                c: lib.filter (f: f.pname or null != "nix") c.nativeBuildInputs
+              ) activeComponents
+            )
           )
           ++ lib.optional (
             !buildCanExecuteHost
@@ -305,8 +322,8 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
             pkgs.buildPackages.nixfmt-rfc-style
             pkgs.buildPackages.shellcheck
             pkgs.buildPackages.include-what-you-use
-            pkgs.buildPackages.gdb
           ]
+          ++ lib.optional pkgs.hostPlatform.isUnix pkgs.buildPackages.gdb
           ++ lib.optional (stdenv.cc.isClang && stdenv.hostPlatform == stdenv.buildPlatform) (
             lib.hiPrio pkgs.buildPackages.clang-tools
           )
@@ -322,13 +339,13 @@ pkgs.nixComponents2.nix-util.overrideAttrs (
       )
     );
 
-    buildInputs = [
-      pkgs.gbenchmark
-    ]
-    ++ dedupByString (v: "${v}") (
-      lib.filter (x: !isInternal x) (lib.lists.concatMap (c: c.buildInputs) activeComponents)
-    )
-    ++ lib.optional havePerl pkgs.perl;
+    buildInputs =
+      # TODO change Nixpkgs to mark gbenchmark as building on Windows
+      lib.optional pkgs.hostPlatform.isUnix pkgs.gbenchmark
+      ++ dedupByString (v: "${v}") (
+        lib.filter (x: !isInternal x) (lib.lists.concatMap (c: c.buildInputs) activeComponents)
+      )
+      ++ lib.optional havePerl pkgs.perl;
 
     propagatedBuildInputs = dedupByString (v: "${v}") (
       lib.filter (x: !isInternal x) (lib.lists.concatMap (c: c.propagatedBuildInputs) activeComponents)

packaging/hydra.nix

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ let
         "nix-manual-manpages-only"
         "nix-internal-api-docs"
         "nix-external-api-docs"
-        "nix-kaitai-struct-checks"
       ]
     );
 in

scripts/install-multi-user.sh

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ readonly PROFILE_NIX_FILE_FISH="$NIX_ROOT/var/nix/profiles/default/etc/profile.d
 
 readonly NIX_INSTALLED_NIX="@nix@"
 readonly NIX_INSTALLED_CACERT="@cacert@"
-#readonly NIX_INSTALLED_NIX="/nix/store/j8dbv5w6jl34caywh2ygdy88knx1mdf7-nix-2.3.6"
-#readonly NIX_INSTALLED_CACERT="/nix/store/7dxhzymvy330i28ii676fl1pqwcahv2f-nss-cacert-3.49.2"
+#readonly NIX_INSTALLED_NIX="/nix/store/byi37zv50wnfrpp4d81z3spswd5zva37-nix-2.3.6"
+#readonly NIX_INSTALLED_CACERT="/nix/store/7pi45g541xa8ahwgpbpy7ggsl0xj1jj6-nss-cacert-3.49.2"
 EXTRACTED_NIX_PATH="$(dirname "$0")"
 readonly EXTRACTED_NIX_PATH
 

src/json-schema-checks/meson.build

@@ -62,9 +62,11 @@ schemas = [
   },
   {
     'stem' : 'build-trace-entry',
-    'schema' : schema_dir / 'build-trace-entry-v1.yaml',
+    'schema' : schema_dir / 'build-trace-entry-v2.yaml',
     'files' : [
       'simple.json',
+      # The field is no longer supported, but we want to show that we
+      # ignore it during parsing.
       'with-dependent-realisations.json',
       'with-signature.json',
     ],

src/kaitai-struct-checks/.version

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../.version

src/kaitai-struct-checks/meson.build

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Run with:
-#     meson test --suite kaitai-struct
-# Run with: (without shell / configure)
-#     nix build .#nix-kaitai-struct-checks
-
-project(
-  'nix-kaitai-struct-checks',
-  'cpp',
-  version : files('.version'),
-  default_options : [
-    'cpp_std=c++23',
-    # TODO(Qyriad): increase the warning level
-    'warning_level=1',
-    'errorlogs=true', # Please print logs for tests that fail
-  ],
-  meson_version : '>= 1.1',
-  license : 'LGPL-2.1-or-later',
-)
-
-kaitai_runtime_dep = dependency('kaitai-struct-cpp-stl-runtime', required : true)
-gtest_dep = dependency('gtest')
-gtest_main_dep = dependency('gtest_main', required : true)
-
-# Find the Kaitai Struct compiler
-ksc = find_program('ksc', required : true)
-
-kaitai_generated_srcs = custom_target(
-  'kaitai-generated-sources',
-  input : [ 'nar.ksy' ],
-  output : [ 'nix_nar.cpp', 'nix_nar.h' ],
-  command : [
-    ksc,
-    '@INPUT@',
-    '--target', 'cpp_stl',
-    '--outdir',
-    meson.current_build_dir(),
-  ],
-)
-
-nar_kaitai_lib = library(
-  'nix-nar-kaitai-lib',
-  kaitai_generated_srcs,
-  dependencies : [ kaitai_runtime_dep ],
-  install : true,
-)
-
-nar_kaitai_dep = declare_dependency(
-  link_with : nar_kaitai_lib,
-  sources : kaitai_generated_srcs[1],
-)
-
-# The nar directory is a committed symlink to the actual nars location
-nars_dir = meson.current_source_dir() / 'nars'
-
-# Get all example files
-nars = [
-  'dot.nar',
-]
-
-test_deps = [
-  nar_kaitai_dep,
-  kaitai_runtime_dep,
-  gtest_main_dep,
-]
-
-this_exe = executable(
-  meson.project_name(),
-  'test-parse-nar.cc',
-  dependencies : test_deps,
-)
-
-test(
-  meson.project_name(),
-  this_exe,
-  env : [ 'NIX_NARS_DIR=' + nars_dir ],
-  protocol : 'gtest',
-)

src/kaitai-struct-checks/nar.ksy

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../doc/manual/source/protocols/nix-archive/nar.ksy

src/kaitai-struct-checks/nars

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../libutil-tests/data/nars

src/kaitai-struct-checks/nix-meson-build-support

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../nix-meson-build-support

src/kaitai-struct-checks/package.nix

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# Run with: nix build .#nix-kaitai-struct-checks
-# or: `nix develop .#nix-kaitai-struct-checks` to enter a dev shell
-{
-  lib,
-  mkMesonDerivation,
-  gtest,
-  meson,
-  ninja,
-  pkg-config,
-  kaitai-struct-compiler,
-  fetchzip,
-  kaitai-struct-cpp-stl-runtime,
-  # Configuration Options
-  version,
-}:
-let
-  inherit (lib) fileset;
-in
-mkMesonDerivation (finalAttrs: {
-  pname = "nix-kaitai-struct-checks";
-  inherit version;
-
-  workDir = ./.;
-  fileset = lib.fileset.unions [
-    ../../nix-meson-build-support
-    ./nix-meson-build-support
-    ./.version
-    ../../.version
-    ../../doc/manual/source/protocols/nix-archive/nar.ksy
-    ./nars
-    ../../src/libutil-tests/data
-    ./meson.build
-    ./nar.ksy
-    (fileset.fileFilter (file: file.hasExt "cc") ./.)
-    (fileset.fileFilter (file: file.hasExt "hh") ./.)
-  ];
-
-  outputs = [ "out" ];
-
-  buildInputs = [
-    gtest
-    kaitai-struct-cpp-stl-runtime
-  ];
-
-  nativeBuildInputs = [
-    meson
-    ninja
-    pkg-config
-    # This can go away when we bump up to 25.11
-    (kaitai-struct-compiler.overrideAttrs (finalAttrs: {
-      version = "0.11";
-      src = fetchzip {
-        url = "https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_compiler/releases/download/${version}/kaitai-struct-compiler-${version}.zip";
-        sha256 = "sha256-j9TEilijqgIiD0GbJfGKkU1FLio9aTopIi1v8QT1b+A=";
-      };
-    }))
-  ];
-
-  doCheck = true;
-
-  mesonCheckFlags = [ "--print-errorlogs" ];
-
-  postInstall = ''
-    touch $out
-  '';
-
-  meta = {
-    platforms = lib.platforms.unix;
-  };
-})

src/kaitai-struct-checks/test-parse-nar.cc

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <kaitai/kaitaistream.h>
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "nix_nar.h"
-
-static const std::vector<std::string> NarFiles = {
-    "empty.nar",
-    "dot.nar",
-    "dotdot.nar",
-    "executable-after-contents.nar",
-    "invalid-tag-instead-of-contents.nar",
-    "name-after-node.nar",
-    "nul-character.nar",
-    "slash.nar",
-};
-
-class NarParseTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>
-{};
-
-TEST_P(NarParseTest, ParseSucceeds)
-{
-    const auto nar_file = GetParam();
-
-    const char * nars_dir_env = std::getenv("NIX_NARS_DIR");
-    if (nars_dir_env == nullptr) {
-        FAIL() << "NIX_NARS_DIR environment variable not set.";
-    }
-
-    const std::filesystem::path nar_file_path = std::filesystem::path(nars_dir_env) / "dot.nar";
-    ASSERT_TRUE(std::filesystem::exists(nar_file_path)) << "Missing test file: " << nar_file_path;
-
-    std::ifstream ifs(nar_file_path, std::ifstream::binary);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ifs.is_open()) << "Failed to open file: " << nar_file;
-    kaitai::kstream ks(&ifs);
-    nix_nar_t nar(&ks);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(nar.root_node() != nullptr) << "Failed to parse NAR file: " << nar_file;
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AllNarFiles, NarParseTest, ::testing::ValuesIn(NarFiles));

src/libcmd/installables.cc

@@ -116,7 +116,11 @@ MixFlakeOptions::MixFlakeOptions()
         .labels = {"input-path"},
         .handler = {[&](std::string s) {
             warn("'--update-input' is a deprecated alias for 'flake update' and will be removed in a future version.");
-            lockFlags.inputUpdates.insert(flake::parseInputAttrPath(s));
+            auto path = flake::NonEmptyInputAttrPath::parse(s);
+            if (!path)
+                throw UsageError(
+                    "--update-input was passed a zero-length input path, which would refer to the flake itself, not an input");
+            lockFlags.inputUpdates.insert(*path);
         }},
         .completer = {[&](AddCompletions & completions, size_t, std::string_view prefix) {
             completeFlakeInputAttrPath(completions, getEvalState(), getFlakeRefsForCompletion(), prefix);
@@ -125,14 +129,18 @@ MixFlakeOptions::MixFlakeOptions()
 
     addFlag({
         .longName = "override-input",
-        .description = "Override a specific flake input (e.g. `dwarffs/nixpkgs`). This implies `--no-write-lock-file`.",
+        .description =
+            "Override a specific flake input (e.g. `dwarffs/nixpkgs`). The input path must not be empty. This implies `--no-write-lock-file`.",
         .category = category,
         .labels = {"input-path", "flake-url"},
         .handler = {[&](std::string inputAttrPath, std::string flakeRef) {
             lockFlags.writeLockFile = false;
+            auto path = flake::NonEmptyInputAttrPath::parse(inputAttrPath);
+            if (!path)
+                throw UsageError(
+                    "--override-input was passed a zero-length input path, which would refer to the flake itself, not an input");
             lockFlags.inputOverrides.insert_or_assign(
-                flake::parseInputAttrPath(inputAttrPath),
-                parseFlakeRef(fetchSettings, flakeRef, absPath(getCommandBaseDir()).string(), true));
+                std::move(*path), parseFlakeRef(fetchSettings, flakeRef, absPath(getCommandBaseDir()).string(), true));
         }},
         .completer = {[&](AddCompletions & completions, size_t n, std::string_view prefix) {
             if (n == 0) {

src/libexpr-tests/bench-main.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "nix/expr/eval-gc.hh"
+#include "nix/store/globals.hh"
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+    nix::initLibStore(false);
+    nix::initGC();
+
+    ::benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+    ::benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+    return 0;
+}

src/libexpr-tests/dynamic-attrs-bench.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "nix/expr/eval.hh"
+#include "nix/expr/eval-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/fetchers/fetch-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/store/store-open.hh"
+
+using namespace nix;
+
+static std::string mkDynamicAttrsExpr(size_t attrCount)
+{
+    std::string res;
+    res.reserve(attrCount * 24);
+    res += "{ ";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < attrCount; ++i) {
+        res += "${\"a";
+        res += std::to_string(i);
+        res += "\"} = ";
+        res += std::to_string(i);
+        res += "; ";
+    }
+    res += "}";
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void BM_EvalDynamicAttrs(benchmark::State & state)
+{
+    const auto attrCount = static_cast<size_t>(state.range(0));
+    const auto exprStr = mkDynamicAttrsExpr(attrCount);
+
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        state.PauseTiming();
+
+        auto store = openStore("dummy://");
+        fetchers::Settings fetchSettings{};
+        bool readOnlyMode = true;
+        EvalSettings evalSettings{readOnlyMode};
+        evalSettings.nixPath = {};
+
+        EvalState st({}, store, fetchSettings, evalSettings, nullptr);
+        Expr * expr = st.parseExprFromString(exprStr, st.rootPath(CanonPath::root));
+
+        Value v;
+
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+
+        st.eval(expr, v);
+        st.forceValue(v, noPos);
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(v);
+    }
+
+    state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * attrCount);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_EvalDynamicAttrs)->Arg(100)->Arg(500)->Arg(2'000);

src/libexpr-tests/get-drvs-bench.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "nix/expr/get-drvs.hh"
+#include "nix/expr/eval-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/fetchers/fetch-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/store/store-open.hh"
+#include "nix/util/fmt.hh"
+
+using namespace nix;
+
+namespace {
+
+struct GetDerivationsEnv
+{
+    ref<Store> store = openStore("dummy://");
+    fetchers::Settings fetchSettings{};
+    bool readOnlyMode = true;
+    EvalSettings evalSettings{readOnlyMode};
+    EvalState state;
+
+    Bindings * autoArgs = nullptr;
+    Value attrsValue;
+
+    explicit GetDerivationsEnv(size_t attrCount)
+        : evalSettings([&]() {
+            EvalSettings settings{readOnlyMode};
+            settings.nixPath = {};
+            return settings;
+        }())
+        , state({}, store, fetchSettings, evalSettings, nullptr)
+    {
+        autoArgs = state.buildBindings(0).finish();
+
+        auto attrs = state.buildBindings(attrCount);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < attrCount; ++i) {
+            auto name = fmt("pkg%|1$06d|", i);
+            auto sym = state.symbols.create(name);
+            auto & v = attrs.alloc(sym);
+            v.mkInt(i);
+        }
+
+        attrsValue.mkAttrs(attrs.finish());
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+static void BM_GetDerivationsAttrScan(benchmark::State & state)
+{
+    const auto attrCount = static_cast<size_t>(state.range(0));
+    GetDerivationsEnv env(attrCount);
+
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        PackageInfos drvs;
+        getDerivations(
+            env.state, env.attrsValue, /*pathPrefix=*/"", *env.autoArgs, drvs, /*ignoreAssertionFailures=*/true);
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(drvs.size());
+    }
+
+    state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * attrCount);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_GetDerivationsAttrScan)->Arg(1'000)->Arg(5'000)->Arg(10'000);

src/libexpr-tests/meson.build

@@ -87,3 +87,33 @@ test(
   },
   protocol : 'gtest',
 )
+
+# Build benchmarks if enabled
+if get_option('benchmarks')
+  gbenchmark = dependency('benchmark', required : true)
+
+  benchmark_sources = files(
+    'bench-main.cc',
+    'dynamic-attrs-bench.cc',
+    'get-drvs-bench.cc',
+    'regex-cache-bench.cc',
+  )
+
+  benchmark_exe = executable(
+    'nix-expr-benchmarks',
+    benchmark_sources,
+    config_priv_h,
+    dependencies : deps_private_subproject + deps_private + deps_other + [
+      gbenchmark,
+    ],
+    include_directories : include_dirs,
+    link_args : linker_export_flags,
+    install : true,
+    cpp_pch : do_pch ? [ 'pch/precompiled-headers.hh' ] : [],
+  )
+
+  benchmark(
+    'nix-expr-benchmarks',
+    benchmark_exe,
+  )
+endif

src/libexpr-tests/meson.options

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# vim: filetype=meson
+
+option(
+  'benchmarks',
+  type : 'boolean',
+  value : false,
+  description : 'Build benchmarks (requires gbenchmark)',
+  yield : true,
+)

src/libexpr-tests/package.nix

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ mkMesonExecutable (finalAttrs: {
     ../../.version
     ./.version
     ./meson.build
-    # ./meson.options
+    ./meson.options
     (fileset.fileFilter (file: file.hasExt "cc") ./.)
     (fileset.fileFilter (file: file.hasExt "hh") ./.)
   ];

src/libexpr-tests/regex-cache-bench.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "nix/expr/eval.hh"
+#include "nix/expr/eval-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/fetchers/fetch-settings.hh"
+#include "nix/store/store-open.hh"
+
+using namespace nix;
+
+static void BM_EvalManyBuiltinsMatchSameRegex(benchmark::State & state)
+{
+    static constexpr int iterations = 5'000;
+
+    static constexpr std::string_view exprStr =
+        "builtins.foldl' "
+        "(acc: _: acc + builtins.length (builtins.match \"a\" \"a\")) "
+        "0 "
+        "(builtins.genList (x: x) "
+        "5000)";
+
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        state.PauseTiming();
+
+        auto store = openStore("dummy://");
+        fetchers::Settings fetchSettings{};
+        bool readOnlyMode = true;
+        EvalSettings evalSettings{readOnlyMode};
+        evalSettings.nixPath = {};
+
+        EvalState st({}, store, fetchSettings, evalSettings, nullptr);
+        Expr * expr = st.parseExprFromString(std::string(exprStr), st.rootPath(CanonPath::root));
+
+        Value v;
+
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+
+        st.eval(expr, v);
+        st.forceValue(v, noPos);
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(v);
+    }
+
+    state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * iterations);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_EvalManyBuiltinsMatchSameRegex);

src/libexpr/attr-path.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "nix/expr/attr-path.hh"
 #include "nix/expr/eval-inline.hh"
+#include "nix/util/util.hh"
 #include "nix/util/strings-inline.hh"
 
 namespace nix {
@@ -137,16 +138,15 @@ std::pair<SourcePath, uint32_t> findPackageFilename(EvalState & state, Value & v
 
     auto fail = [fn]() { throw ParseError("cannot parse 'meta.position' attribute '%s'", fn); };
 
-    try {
-        auto colon = fn.rfind(':');
-        if (colon == std::string::npos)
-            fail();
-        auto lineno = std::stoi(std::string(fn, colon + 1, std::string::npos));
-        return {SourcePath{path.accessor, CanonPath(fn.substr(0, colon))}, lineno};
-    } catch (std::invalid_argument & e) {
+    auto colon = fn.rfind(':');
+    if (colon == std::string::npos)
         fail();
-        unreachable();
-    }
+
+    auto lineno = string2Int<uint32_t>(std::string_view(fn).substr(colon + 1));
+    if (!lineno)
+        fail();
+
+    return {SourcePath{path.accessor, CanonPath(fn.substr(0, colon))}, *lineno};
 }
 
 } // namespace nix

src/libexpr/eval-cache.cc

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ struct AttrDb
         case AttrType::String: {
             NixStringContext context;
             if (!queryAttribute.isNull(3))
-                for (auto & s : tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(queryAttribute.getStr(3), ";"))
+                for (auto & s : tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(queryAttribute.getStr(3), " "))
                     context.insert(NixStringContextElem::parse(s));
             return {{rowId, string_t{queryAttribute.getStr(2), context}}};
         }

src/libexpr/eval-error.cc

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ template class EvalErrorBuilder<TypeError>;
 template class EvalErrorBuilder<UndefinedVarError>;
 template class EvalErrorBuilder<MissingArgumentError>;
 template class EvalErrorBuilder<InfiniteRecursionError>;
+template class EvalErrorBuilder<StackOverflowError>;
 template class EvalErrorBuilder<InvalidPathError>;
 template class EvalErrorBuilder<IFDError>;
 

src/libexpr/eval.cc

@@ -741,6 +741,11 @@ public:
         inDebugger = true;
     }
 
+    DebuggerGuard(DebuggerGuard &&) = delete;
+    DebuggerGuard(const DebuggerGuard &) = delete;
+    DebuggerGuard & operator=(DebuggerGuard &&) = delete;
+    DebuggerGuard & operator=(const DebuggerGuard &) = delete;
+
     ~DebuggerGuard()
     {
         inDebugger = false;
@@ -2403,6 +2408,8 @@ BackedStringView EvalState::coerceToString(
     bool copyToStore,
     bool canonicalizePath)
 {
+    auto _level = addCallDepth(pos);
+
     forceValue(v, pos);
 
     if (v.type() == nString) {
@@ -2622,6 +2629,8 @@ SingleDerivedPath EvalState::coerceToSingleDerivedPath(const PosIdx pos, Value &
 // `assert a == b; x` are critical for our users' testing UX.
 void EvalState::assertEqValues(Value & v1, Value & v2, const PosIdx pos, std::string_view errorCtx)
 {
+    auto _level = addCallDepth(pos);
+
     // This implementation must match eqValues.
     forceValue(v1, pos);
     forceValue(v2, pos);
@@ -2828,6 +2837,8 @@ void EvalState::assertEqValues(Value & v1, Value & v2, const PosIdx pos, std::st
 // This implementation must match assertEqValues
 bool EvalState::eqValues(Value & v1, Value & v2, const PosIdx pos, std::string_view errorCtx)
 {
+    auto _level = addCallDepth(pos);
+
     forceValue(v1, pos);
     forceValue(v2, pos);
 

src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc

@@ -213,6 +213,8 @@ StringSet PackageInfo::queryMetaNames()
 
 bool PackageInfo::checkMeta(Value & v)
 {
+    auto _level = state->addCallDepth(v.determinePos(noPos));
+
     state->forceValue(v, v.determinePos(noPos));
     if (v.type() == nList) {
         for (auto elem : v.listView())
@@ -367,7 +369,26 @@ static std::string addToPath(const std::string & s1, std::string_view s2)
     return s1.empty() ? std::string(s2) : s1 + "." + s2;
 }
 
-static std::regex attrRegex("[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9-_+]*");
+static bool isAttrPathComponent(std::string_view symbol)
+{
+    if (symbol.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    /* [A-Za-z_] */
+    unsigned char first = symbol[0];
+    if (!((first >= 'A' && first <= 'Z') || (first >= 'a' && first <= 'z') || first == '_'))
+        return false;
+
+    /* [A-Za-z0-9-_+]* */
+    for (unsigned char c : symbol.substr(1)) {
+        if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-' || c == '_'
+            || c == '+')
+            continue;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
 
 static void getDerivations(
     EvalState & state,
@@ -378,6 +399,8 @@ static void getDerivations(
     Done & done,
     bool ignoreAssertionFailures)
 {
+    auto _level = state.addCallDepth(vIn.determinePos(noPos));
+
     Value v;
     state.autoCallFunction(autoArgs, vIn, v);
 
@@ -400,7 +423,7 @@ static void getDerivations(
             std::string_view symbol{state.symbols[i->name]};
             try {
                 debug("evaluating attribute '%1%'", symbol);
-                if (!std::regex_match(symbol.begin(), symbol.end(), attrRegex))
+                if (!isAttrPathComponent(symbol))
                     continue;
                 std::string pathPrefix2 = addToPath(pathPrefix, symbol);
                 if (combineChannels)

src/libexpr/include/nix/expr/attr-set.hh

@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ private:
     Bindings & operator=(const Bindings &) = delete;
     Bindings & operator=(Bindings &&) = delete;
 
+    ~Bindings() = default;
+
     friend class BindingsBuilder;
 
     /**

src/libexpr/include/nix/expr/eval-error.hh

@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ MakeError(TypeError, EvalError);
 MakeError(UndefinedVarError, EvalError);
 MakeError(MissingArgumentError, EvalError);
 MakeError(InfiniteRecursionError, EvalError);
+
+/**
+ * Resource exhaustion error when evaluation exceeds max-call-depth.
+ * Inherits from EvalBaseError (not EvalError) because resource exhaustion
+ * should not be cached.
+ */
+struct StackOverflowError : public EvalBaseError
+{
+    StackOverflowError(EvalState & state)
+        : EvalBaseError(state, "stack overflow; max-call-depth exceeded")
+    {
+    }
+};
+
 MakeError(IFDError, EvalBaseError);
 
 struct InvalidPathError : public EvalError

src/libexpr/include/nix/expr/eval-inline.hh

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ inline void EvalState::forceList(Value & v, const PosIdx pos, std::string_view e
 inline CallDepth EvalState::addCallDepth(const PosIdx pos)
 {
     if (callDepth > settings.maxCallDepth)
-        error<EvalBaseError>("stack overflow; max-call-depth exceeded").atPos(pos).debugThrow();
+        error<StackOverflowError>().atPos(pos).debugThrow();
 
     return CallDepth(callDepth);
 };

src/libexpr/include/nix/expr/print-ambiguous.hh

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
+class EvalState;
+
 /**
  * Print a value in the deprecated format used by `nix-instantiate --eval` and
  * `nix-env` (for manifests).
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@ namespace nix {
  *
  * See: https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/9730
  */
-void printAmbiguous(
-    Value & v, const SymbolTable & symbols, std::ostream & str, std::set<const void *> * seen, int depth);
+void printAmbiguous(EvalState & state, Value & v, std::ostream & str, std::set<const void *> * seen, size_t depth = 0);
 
 } // namespace nix

src/libexpr/include/nix/expr/value.hh

@@ -164,8 +164,6 @@ public:
     Value ** elems;
     ListBuilder(EvalMemory & mem, size_t size);
 
-    // NOTE: Can be noexcept because we are just copying integral values and
-    // raw pointers.
     ListBuilder(ListBuilder && x) noexcept
         : size(x.size)
         , inlineElems{x.inlineElems[0], x.inlineElems[1]}
@@ -173,6 +171,11 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
+    ListBuilder(const ListBuilder &) = delete;
+    ListBuilder & operator=(ListBuilder &&) = delete;
+    ListBuilder & operator=(const ListBuilder &) = delete;
+    ~ListBuilder() = default;
+
     Value *& operator[](size_t n)
     {
         return elems[n];

src/libexpr/primops.cc

@@ -3002,16 +3002,19 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_path({
 
         - recursive\
           When `false`, when `path` is added to the store it is with a
-          flat hash, rather than a hash of the NAR serialization of the
-          file. Thus, `path` must refer to a regular file, not a
+          [flat hash](@docroot@/store/file-system-object/content-address.md#serial-flat),
+          rather than a hash of the
+          [NAR serialization](@docroot@/store/file-system-object/content-address.md#serial-nix-archive)
+          of the file. Thus, `path` must refer to a regular file, not a
           directory. This allows similar behavior to `fetchurl`. Defaults
           to `true`.
 
         - sha256\
-          When provided, this is the expected hash of the file at the
-          path. Evaluation fails if the hash is incorrect, and
-          providing a hash allows `builtins.path` to be used even when the
-          `pure-eval` nix config option is on.
+          When provided, this is the expected
+          [content hash](@docroot@/store/file-system-object/content-address.md)
+          of the path. Evaluation fails if the hash is incorrect,
+          and providing a hash allows `builtins.path` to be used even
+          when the `pure-eval` nix config option is on.
     )",
     .fun = prim_path,
 });
@@ -4061,6 +4064,8 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_sort({
 
         1. Transitivity
 
+        If a is less than b and b is less than c, then it follows that a is less than c.
+
         ```nix
         comparator a b && comparator b c -> comparator a c
         ```
@@ -4073,9 +4078,23 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_sort({
 
         1. Transitivity of equivalence
 
+        First, two values a and b are considered equivalent with respect to the comparator if:
+
+        ```
+        !comparator a b && !comparator b a
+        ```
+
+        In other words, neither is considered "less than" the other.
+
+        Transitivity of equivalence means:
+
+        If a is equivalent to b, and b is equivalent to c, then a must also be equivalent to c.
+
         ```nix
-        let equiv = a: b: (!comparator a b && !comparator b a); in
-        equiv a b && equiv b c -> equiv a c
+        let
+          equiv = x: y: (!comparator x y && !comparator y x);
+        in
+          equiv a b && equiv b c -> equiv a c
         ```
 
       If the *comparator* violates any of these properties, then `builtins.sort`
@@ -4693,21 +4712,28 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_convertHash({
 
 struct RegexCache
 {
-    boost::concurrent_flat_map<std::string, std::regex, StringViewHash, std::equal_to<>> cache;
-
-    std::regex get(std::string_view re)
+    struct Entry
     {
-        std::regex regex;
-        /* No std::regex constructor overload from std::string_view, but can be constructed
-           from a pointer + size or an iterator range. */
+        ref<const std::regex> regex;
+
+        Entry(const char * s, size_t count)
+            : regex(make_ref<const std::regex>(s, count, std::regex::extended))
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    boost::concurrent_flat_map<std::string, Entry, StringViewHash, std::equal_to<>> cache;
+
+    ref<const std::regex> get(std::string_view re)
+    {
+        std::optional<ref<const std::regex>> regex;
         cache.try_emplace_and_cvisit(
             re,
             /*s=*/re.data(),
             /*count=*/re.size(),
-            std::regex::extended,
-            [&regex](const auto & kv) { regex = kv.second; },
-            [&regex](const auto & kv) { regex = kv.second; });
-        return regex;
+            [&regex](const auto & kv) { regex = kv.second.regex; },
+            [&regex](const auto & kv) { regex = kv.second.regex; });
+        return *regex;
     }
 };
 
@@ -4729,7 +4755,7 @@ void prim_match(EvalState & state, const PosIdx pos, Value ** args, Value & v)
             state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos, "while evaluating the second argument passed to builtins.match");
 
         std::cmatch match;
-        if (!std::regex_match(str.begin(), str.end(), match, regex)) {
+        if (!std::regex_match(str.begin(), str.end(), match, *regex)) {
             v.mkNull();
             return;
         }
@@ -4802,7 +4828,7 @@ void prim_split(EvalState & state, const PosIdx pos, Value ** args, Value & v)
         const auto str =
             state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos, "while evaluating the second argument passed to builtins.split");
 
-        auto begin = std::cregex_iterator(str.begin(), str.end(), regex);
+        auto begin = std::cregex_iterator(str.begin(), str.end(), *regex);
         auto end = std::cregex_iterator();
 
         // Any matches results are surrounded by non-matching results.

src/libexpr/primops/fetchClosure.cc

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_fetchClosure({
       ```nix
       builtins.fetchClosure {
         fromStore = "https://cache.nixos.org";
-        fromPath = /nix/store/r2jd6ygnmirm2g803mksqqjm4y39yi6i-git-2.33.1;
+        fromPath = /nix/store/nph9br6y2dmciy6q3dj3fwk2brdlr4gh-git-2.33.1;
         toPath = /nix/store/ldbhlwhh39wha58rm61bkiiwm6j7211j-git-2.33.1;
       }
       ```
@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_fetchClosure({
       use [`nix store make-content-addressed`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-store-make-content-addressed.md):
 
       ```console
-      # nix store make-content-addressed --from https://cache.nixos.org /nix/store/r2jd6ygnmirm2g803mksqqjm4y39yi6i-git-2.33.1
-      rewrote '/nix/store/r2jd6ygnmirm2g803mksqqjm4y39yi6i-git-2.33.1' to '/nix/store/ldbhlwhh39wha58rm61bkiiwm6j7211j-git-2.33.1'
+      # nix store make-content-addressed --from https://cache.nixos.org /nix/store/nph9br6y2dmciy6q3dj3fwk2brdlr4gh-git-2.33.1
+      rewrote '/nix/store/nph9br6y2dmciy6q3dj3fwk2brdlr4gh-git-2.33.1' to '/nix/store/ldbhlwhh39wha58rm61bkiiwm6j7211j-git-2.33.1'
       ```
 
       Alternatively, set `toPath = ""` and find the correct `toPath` in the error message.
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_fetchClosure({
       ```nix
       builtins.fetchClosure {
         fromStore = "https://cache.nixos.org";
-        fromPath = /nix/store/r2jd6ygnmirm2g803mksqqjm4y39yi6i-git-2.33.1;
+        fromPath = /nix/store/nph9br6y2dmciy6q3dj3fwk2brdlr4gh-git-2.33.1;
         inputAddressed = true;
       }
       ```

src/libexpr/print-ambiguous.cc

@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 #include "nix/expr/print.hh"
 #include "nix/util/signals.hh"
 #include "nix/expr/eval.hh"
+#include "nix/expr/eval-error.hh"
 
 namespace nix {
 
 // See: https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/9730
-void printAmbiguous(
-    Value & v, const SymbolTable & symbols, std::ostream & str, std::set<const void *> * seen, int depth)
+void printAmbiguous(EvalState & state, Value & v, std::ostream & str, std::set<const void *> * seen, size_t depth)
 {
     checkInterrupt();
 
-    if (depth <= 0) {
-        str << "«too deep»";
-        return;
-    }
+    if (depth > state.settings.maxCallDepth)
+        state.error<StackOverflowError>().atPos(v.determinePos(noPos)).debugThrow();
     switch (v.type()) {
     case nInt:
         str << v.integer();
@@ -36,9 +34,9 @@ void printAmbiguous(
             str << "«repeated»";
         else {
             str << "{ ";
-            for (auto & i : v.attrs()->lexicographicOrder(symbols)) {
-                str << symbols[i->name] << " = ";
-                printAmbiguous(*i->value, symbols, str, seen, depth - 1);
+            for (auto & i : v.attrs()->lexicographicOrder(state.symbols)) {
+                str << state.symbols[i->name] << " = ";
+                printAmbiguous(state, *i->value, str, seen, depth + 1);
                 str << "; ";
             }
             str << "}";
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ void printAmbiguous(
             str << "[ ";
             for (auto v2 : v.listView()) {
                 if (v2)
-                    printAmbiguous(*v2, symbols, str, seen, depth - 1);
+                    printAmbiguous(state, *v2, str, seen, depth + 1);
                 else
                     str << "(nullptr)";
                 str << " ";

src/libexpr/print.cc

@@ -537,6 +537,16 @@ private:
         output.flush();
         checkInterrupt();
 
+        // Catch infinite recursion before it overflows the C++ stack.
+        // Non-cyclic structures can be infinitely deep when values are
+        // lazily produced (e.g., `let f = n: { inner = f (n + 1); }; in f 0`).
+        // We check print depth against max-call-depth rather than incrementing
+        // the callDepth counter, because accessing an attribute is not a call.
+        // Other places do increment callDepth for simplicity, but that is
+        // technically incorrect.
+        if (depth > state.settings.maxCallDepth)
+            state.error<StackOverflowError>().atPos(v.determinePos(noPos)).debugThrow();
+
         try {
             if (options.force) {
                 state.forceValue(v, v.determinePos(noPos));
@@ -592,6 +602,11 @@ private:
                 printUnknown();
                 break;
             }
+        } catch (StackOverflowError &) {
+            // Always re-throw because stack overflow is a serious condition
+            // that expressions should avoid, unlike say `throw`, which can
+            // be part of legitimate expression patterns.
+            throw;
         } catch (Error & e) {
             if (options.errors == ErrorPrintBehavior::Throw
                 || (options.errors == ErrorPrintBehavior::ThrowTopLevel && depth == 0)) {

src/libexpr/value-to-xml.cc

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ static void printValueAsXML(
 {
     checkInterrupt();
 
+    auto _level = state.addCallDepth(pos);
+
     if (strict)
         state.forceValue(v, pos);
 

src/libfetchers-tests/git-utils.cc

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public:
 
     ref<GitRepo> openRepo()
     {
-        return GitRepo::openRepo(tmpDir, true, false);
+        return GitRepo::openRepo(tmpDir, {.create = true});
     }
 
     std::string getRepoName() const
@@ -115,9 +115,10 @@ TEST_F(GitUtilsTest, sink_hardlink)
 
     try {
         sink->createHardlink(CanonPath("foo-1.1/link"), CanonPath("hello"));
+        sink->flush();
         FAIL() << "Expected an exception";
     } catch (const nix::Error & e) {
-        ASSERT_THAT(e.msg(), testing::HasSubstr("cannot find hard link target"));
+        ASSERT_THAT(e.msg(), testing::HasSubstr("does not exist"));
         ASSERT_THAT(e.msg(), testing::HasSubstr("/hello"));
         ASSERT_THAT(e.msg(), testing::HasSubstr("foo-1.1/link"));
     }

src/libfetchers/git-utils.cc

@@ -203,16 +203,19 @@ static git_packbuilder_progress PACKBUILDER_PROGRESS_CHECK_INTERRUPT = &packBuil
 
 } // extern "C"
 
-static void initRepoAtomically(std::filesystem::path & path, bool bare)
+static void initRepoAtomically(std::filesystem::path & path, GitRepo::Options options)
 {
     if (pathExists(path.string()))
         return;
 
+    if (!options.create)
+        throw Error("Git repository %s does not exist.", path);
+
     std::filesystem::path tmpDir = createTempDir(path.parent_path());
     AutoDelete delTmpDir(tmpDir, true);
     Repository tmpRepo;
 
-    if (git_repository_init(Setter(tmpRepo), tmpDir.string().c_str(), bare))
+    if (git_repository_init(Setter(tmpRepo), tmpDir.string().c_str(), options.bare))
         throw Error("creating Git repository %s: %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
     try {
         std::filesystem::rename(tmpDir, path);
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
     /** Location of the repository on disk. */
     std::filesystem::path path;
 
-    bool bare;
+    Options options;
 
     /**
      * libgit2 repository. Note that new objects are not written to disk,
@@ -255,18 +258,18 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
      */
     git_odb_backend * packBackend = nullptr;
 
-    GitRepoImpl(std::filesystem::path _path, bool create, bool bare, bool packfilesOnly = false)
+    GitRepoImpl(std::filesystem::path _path, Options _options)
         : path(std::move(_path))
-        , bare(bare)
+        , options(_options)
     {
         initLibGit2();
 
-        initRepoAtomically(path, bare);
+        initRepoAtomically(path, options);
         if (git_repository_open(Setter(repo), path.string().c_str()))
             throw Error("opening Git repository %s: %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
 
         ObjectDb odb;
-        if (packfilesOnly) {
+        if (options.packfilesOnly) {
             /* Create a fresh object database because by default the repo also
                loose object backends. We are not using any of those for the
                tarball cache, but libgit2 still does a bunch of unnecessary
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
         if (git_odb_add_backend(odb.get(), mempackBackend, 999))
             throw Error("adding mempack backend to Git object database: %s", git_error_last()->message);
 
-        if (packfilesOnly) {
+        if (options.packfilesOnly) {
             if (git_repository_set_odb(repo.get(), odb.get()))
                 throw Error("setting Git object database: %s", git_error_last()->message);
         }
@@ -366,7 +369,26 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
     {
         // TODO: as an optimization, it would be nice to include `this` in the pool.
         return Pool<GitRepoImpl>(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), [this]() -> ref<GitRepoImpl> {
-            return make_ref<GitRepoImpl>(path, false, bare);
+            auto repo = make_ref<GitRepoImpl>(path, options);
+
+            /* Monkey-patching the pack backend to only read the pack directory
+               once. Otherwise it will do a readdir for each added oid when it's
+               not found and that translates to ~6 syscalls. Since we are never
+               writing pack files until flushing we can force the odb backend to
+               read the directory just once. It's very convenient that the vtable is
+               semi-public interface and is up for grabs.
+
+               This is purely an optimization for our use-case with a tarball cache.
+               libgit2 calls refresh() if the backend provides it when an oid isn't found.
+               We are only writing objects to a mempack (it has higher priority) and there isn't
+               a realistic use-case where a previously missing object would appear from thin air
+               on the disk (unless another process happens to be unpacking a similar tarball to
+               the cache at the same time, but that's a very unrealistic scenario).
+            */
+            if (auto * backend = repo->packBackend)
+                backend->refresh = nullptr;
+
+            return repo;
         });
     }
 
@@ -665,6 +687,7 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
                 keyDecoded = base64::decode(k.key);
             } catch (Error & e) {
                 e.addTrace({}, "while decoding public key '%s' used for git signature", k.key);
+                throw;
             }
             auto fingerprint =
                 trim(hashString(HashAlgorithm::SHA256, keyDecoded).to_string(nix::HashFormat::Base64, false), "=");
@@ -712,9 +735,9 @@ struct GitRepoImpl : GitRepo, std::enable_shared_from_this<GitRepoImpl>
     }
 };
 
-ref<GitRepo> GitRepo::openRepo(const std::filesystem::path & path, bool create, bool bare, bool packfilesOnly)
+ref<GitRepo> GitRepo::openRepo(const std::filesystem::path & path, GitRepo::Options options)
 {
-    return make_ref<GitRepoImpl>(path, create, bare, packfilesOnly);
+    return make_ref<GitRepoImpl>(path, options);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1055,185 +1078,155 @@ struct GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl : GitFileSystemObjectSink
 {
     ref<GitRepoImpl> repo;
 
-    struct PendingDir
-    {
-        std::string name;
-        TreeBuilder builder;
-    };
+    Pool<GitRepoImpl> repoPool;
 
-    std::vector<PendingDir> pendingDirs;
+    unsigned int concurrency = std::min(std::thread::hardware_concurrency(), 10U);
 
-    /**
-     * Temporary buffer used by createRegularFile for storing small file contents.
-     */
-    std::string regularFileContentsBuffer;
+    ThreadPool workers{concurrency};
 
-    /**
-     * If repo has a non-null packBackend, this has a copy of the refresh function
-     * from the backend virtual table. This is needed to restore it after we've flushed
-     * the sink. We modify it to avoid unnecessary I/O on non-existent oids.
-     */
-    decltype(::git_odb_backend::refresh) packfileOdbRefresh = nullptr;
+    /** Total file contents in flight. */
+    std::atomic<size_t> totalBufSize{0};
 
-    void pushBuilder(std::string name)
-    {
-        const git_tree_entry * entry;
-        Tree prevTree = nullptr;
-
-        if (!pendingDirs.empty() && (entry = git_treebuilder_get(pendingDirs.back().builder.get(), name.c_str()))) {
-            /* Clone a tree that we've already finished. This happens
-               if a tarball has directory entries that are not
-               contiguous. */
-            if (git_tree_entry_type(entry) != GIT_OBJECT_TREE)
-                throw Error("parent of '%s' is not a directory", name);
-
-            if (git_tree_entry_to_object((git_object **) (git_tree **) Setter(prevTree), *repo, entry))
-                throw Error("looking up parent of '%s': %s", name, git_error_last()->message);
-        }
-
-        git_treebuilder * b;
-        if (git_treebuilder_new(&b, *repo, prevTree.get()))
-            throw Error("creating a tree builder: %s", git_error_last()->message);
-        pendingDirs.push_back({.name = std::move(name), .builder = TreeBuilder(b)});
-    };
+    static constexpr std::size_t maxBufSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
 
     GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl(ref<GitRepoImpl> repo)
         : repo(repo)
+        , repoPool(repo->getPool())
     {
-        /* Monkey-patching the pack backend to only read the pack directory
-           once. Otherwise it will do a readdir for each added oid when it's
-           not found and that translates to ~6 syscalls. Since we are never
-           writing pack files until flushing we can force the odb backend to
-           read the directory just once. It's very convenient that the vtable is
-           semi-public interface and is up for grabs.
-
-           This is purely an optimization for our use-case with a tarball cache.
-           libgit2 calls refresh() if the backend provides it when an oid isn't found.
-           We are only writing objects to a mempack (it has higher priority) and there isn't
-           a realistic use-case where a previously missing object would appear from thin air
-           on the disk (unless another process happens to be unpacking a similar tarball to
-           the cache at the same time, but that's a very unrealistic scenario).
-           */
-        if (auto * backend = repo->packBackend) {
-            if (backend->refresh(backend)) /* Refresh just once manually. */
-                throw Error("refreshing packfiles: %s", git_error_last()->message);
-            /* Save the function pointer to restore it later in flush() and
-               unset it in the vtable. libgit2 does nothing if it's a nullptr:
-               https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/blob/58d9363f02f1fa39e46d49b604f27008e75b72f2/src/libgit2/odb.c#L1922
-             */
-            packfileOdbRefresh = std::exchange(backend->refresh, nullptr);
-        }
-        pushBuilder("");
     }
 
-    std::pair<git_oid, std::string> popBuilder()
+    ~GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl()
     {
-        assert(!pendingDirs.empty());
-        auto pending = std::move(pendingDirs.back());
-        git_oid oid;
-        if (git_treebuilder_write(&oid, pending.builder.get()))
-            throw Error("creating a tree object: %s", git_error_last()->message);
-        pendingDirs.pop_back();
-        return {oid, pending.name};
+        // Make sure the worker threads are destroyed before any state
+        // they're referring to.
+        workers.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    struct Child;
+
+    /// A directory to be written as a Git tree.
+    struct Directory
+    {
+        std::map<std::string, Child> children;
+        std::optional<git_oid> oid;
+
+        Child & lookup(const CanonPath & path)
+        {
+            assert(!path.isRoot());
+            auto parent = path.parent();
+            auto cur = this;
+            for (auto & name : *parent) {
+                auto i = cur->children.find(std::string(name));
+                if (i == cur->children.end())
+                    throw Error("path '%s' does not exist", path);
+                auto dir = std::get_if<Directory>(&i->second.file);
+                if (!dir)
+                    throw Error("path '%s' has a non-directory parent", path);
+                cur = dir;
+            }
+
+            auto i = cur->children.find(std::string(*path.baseName()));
+            if (i == cur->children.end())
+                throw Error("path '%s' does not exist", path);
+            return i->second;
+        }
     };
 
-    void addToTree(const std::string & name, const git_oid & oid, git_filemode_t mode)
+    size_t nextId = 0; // for Child.id
+
+    struct Child
     {
-        assert(!pendingDirs.empty());
-        auto & pending = pendingDirs.back();
-        if (git_treebuilder_insert(nullptr, pending.builder.get(), name.c_str(), &oid, mode))
-            throw Error("adding a file to a tree builder: %s", git_error_last()->message);
+        git_filemode_t mode;
+        std::variant<Directory, git_oid> file;
+
+        /// Sequential numbering of the file in the tarball. This is
+        /// used to make sure we only import the latest version of a
+        /// path.
+        size_t id{0};
     };
 
-    void updateBuilders(std::span<const std::string> names)
+    struct State
     {
-        // Find the common prefix of pendingDirs and names.
-        size_t prefixLen = 0;
-        for (; prefixLen < names.size() && prefixLen + 1 < pendingDirs.size(); ++prefixLen)
-            if (names[prefixLen] != pendingDirs[prefixLen + 1].name)
-                break;
+        Directory root;
+    };
 
-        // Finish the builders that are not part of the common prefix.
-        for (auto n = pendingDirs.size(); n > prefixLen + 1; --n) {
-            auto [oid, name] = popBuilder();
-            addToTree(name, oid, GIT_FILEMODE_TREE);
+    Sync<State> _state;
+
+    void addNode(State & state, const CanonPath & path, Child && child)
+    {
+        assert(!path.isRoot());
+        auto parent = path.parent();
+
+        Directory * cur = &state.root;
+
+        for (auto & i : *parent) {
+            auto child = std::get_if<Directory>(
+                &cur->children.emplace(std::string(i), Child{GIT_FILEMODE_TREE, {Directory()}}).first->second.file);
+            assert(child);
+            cur = child;
         }
 
-        // Create builders for the new directories.
-        for (auto n = prefixLen; n < names.size(); ++n)
-            pushBuilder(names[n]);
-    };
+        std::string name(*path.baseName());
 
-    bool prepareDirs(const std::vector<std::string> & pathComponents, bool isDir)
-    {
-        std::span<const std::string> pathComponents2{pathComponents};
-
-        updateBuilders(isDir ? pathComponents2 : pathComponents2.first(pathComponents2.size() - 1));
-
-        return true;
+        if (auto prev = cur->children.find(name); prev == cur->children.end() || prev->second.id < child.id)
+            cur->children.insert_or_assign(name, std::move(child));
     }
 
     void createRegularFile(const CanonPath & path, std::function<void(CreateRegularFileSink &)> func) override
     {
-        auto pathComponents = tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(path.rel(), "/");
-        if (!prepareDirs(pathComponents, false))
-            return;
+        checkInterrupt();
+
+        /* Multithreaded blob writing. We read the incoming file data into memory and asynchronously write it to a Git
+           blob object. However, to avoid unbounded memory usage, if the amount of data in flight exceeds a threshold,
+           we switch to writing directly to a Git write stream. */
 
         using WriteStream = std::unique_ptr<::git_writestream, decltype([](::git_writestream * stream) {
                                                 if (stream)
                                                     stream->free(stream);
                                             })>;
 
-        /* Maximum file size that gets buffered in memory before flushing to a WriteStream,
-           that's backed by a temporary objects/streamed_git2_* file. We should avoid that
-           for common cases, since creating (and deleting) a temporary file for each blob
-           is insanely expensive. */
-        static constexpr std::size_t maxBufferSize = 1024 * 1024; /* 1 MiB */
-
         struct CRF : CreateRegularFileSink
         {
-            const CanonPath & path;
-            GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl & back;
+            CanonPath path;
+            GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl & parent;
             WriteStream stream;
-            std::string & contents;
+            std::optional<decltype(parent.repoPool)::Handle> repo;
+
+            std::string contents;
             bool executable = false;
 
-            CRF(const CanonPath & path, GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl & back, std::string & regularFileContentsBuffer)
-                : path(path)
-                , back(back)
-                , stream(nullptr)
-                , contents(regularFileContentsBuffer)
+            CRF(CanonPath path, GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl & parent)
+                : path(std::move(path))
+                , parent(parent)
             {
-                contents.clear();
             }
 
-            void writeToStream(std::string_view data)
+            ~CRF()
             {
-                /* Lazily create the stream. */
-                if (!stream) {
-                    ::git_writestream * stream2 = nullptr;
-                    if (git_blob_create_from_stream(&stream2, *back.repo, nullptr))
-                        throw Error("creating a blob stream object: %s", git_error_last()->message);
-                    stream = WriteStream{stream2};
-                    assert(stream);
-                }
-
-                if (stream->write(stream.get(), data.data(), data.size()))
-                    throw Error("writing a blob for tarball member '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
+                parent.totalBufSize -= contents.size();
             }
 
             void operator()(std::string_view data) override
             {
-                /* Already in slow path. Just write to the slow stream. */
-                if (stream) {
-                    writeToStream(data);
-                    return;
-                }
+                if (!stream) {
+                    contents.append(data);
+                    parent.totalBufSize += data.size();
 
-                contents += data;
-                if (contents.size() > maxBufferSize) {
-                    writeToStream(contents); /* Will initialize stream. */
-                    contents.clear();
+                    if (parent.totalBufSize > parent.maxBufSize) {
+                        repo.emplace(parent.repoPool.get());
+
+                        if (git_blob_create_from_stream(Setter(stream), **repo, nullptr))
+                            throw Error("creating a blob stream object: %s", git_error_last()->message);
+
+                        if (stream->write(stream.get(), contents.data(), contents.size()))
+                            throw Error("writing a blob for tarball member '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
+
+                        parent.totalBufSize -= contents.size();
+                        contents.clear();
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (stream->write(stream.get(), data.data(), data.size()))
+                        throw Error("writing a blob for tarball member '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1241,112 +1234,140 @@ struct GitFileSystemObjectSinkImpl : GitFileSystemObjectSink
             {
                 executable = true;
             }
-        } crf{path, *this, regularFileContentsBuffer};
+        };
 
-        func(crf);
+        auto crf = std::make_shared<CRF>(path, *this);
 
-        git_oid oid;
-        if (crf.stream) {
-            /* Call .release(), since git_blob_create_from_stream_commit
+        func(*crf);
+
+        auto id = nextId++;
+
+        if (crf->stream) {
+            /* Finish the slow path by creating the blob object synchronously.
+               Call .release(), since git_blob_create_from_stream_commit
                acquires ownership and frees the stream. */
-            if (git_blob_create_from_stream_commit(&oid, crf.stream.release()))
+            git_oid oid;
+            if (git_blob_create_from_stream_commit(&oid, crf->stream.release()))
                 throw Error("creating a blob object for '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
-        } else {
-            if (git_blob_create_from_buffer(&oid, *repo, crf.contents.data(), crf.contents.size()))
-                throw Error(
-                    "creating a blob object for '%s' from in-memory buffer: %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
+            addNode(
+                *_state.lock(),
+                crf->path,
+                Child{crf->executable ? GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB_EXECUTABLE : GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB, oid, id});
+            return;
         }
 
-        addToTree(*pathComponents.rbegin(), oid, crf.executable ? GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB_EXECUTABLE : GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB);
+        /* Fast path: create the blob object in a separate thread. */
+        workers.enqueue([this, crf{std::move(crf)}, id]() {
+            auto repo(repoPool.get());
+
+            git_oid oid;
+            if (git_blob_create_from_buffer(&oid, *repo, crf->contents.data(), crf->contents.size()))
+                throw Error(
+                    "creating a blob object for '%s' from in-memory buffer: %s", crf->path, git_error_last()->message);
+
+            addNode(
+                *_state.lock(),
+                crf->path,
+                Child{crf->executable ? GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB_EXECUTABLE : GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB, oid, id});
+        });
     }
 
     void createDirectory(const CanonPath & path) override
     {
-        auto pathComponents = tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(path.rel(), "/");
-        (void) prepareDirs(pathComponents, true);
+        if (path.isRoot())
+            return;
+        auto state(_state.lock());
+        addNode(*state, path, {GIT_FILEMODE_TREE, Directory()});
     }
 
     void createSymlink(const CanonPath & path, const std::string & target) override
     {
-        auto pathComponents = tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(path.rel(), "/");
-        if (!prepareDirs(pathComponents, false))
-            return;
+        workers.enqueue([this, path, target]() {
+            auto repo(repoPool.get());
 
-        git_oid oid;
-        if (git_blob_create_from_buffer(&oid, *repo, target.c_str(), target.size()))
-            throw Error("creating a blob object for tarball symlink member '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
+            git_oid oid;
+            if (git_blob_create_from_buffer(&oid, *repo, target.c_str(), target.size()))
+                throw Error(
+                    "creating a blob object for tarball symlink member '%s': %s", path, git_error_last()->message);
 
-        addToTree(*pathComponents.rbegin(), oid, GIT_FILEMODE_LINK);
+            auto state(_state.lock());
+            addNode(*state, path, Child{GIT_FILEMODE_LINK, oid});
+        });
     }
 
+    std::map<CanonPath, CanonPath> hardLinks;
+
     void createHardlink(const CanonPath & path, const CanonPath & target) override
     {
-        std::vector<std::string> pathComponents;
-        for (auto & c : path)
-            pathComponents.emplace_back(c);
-
-        if (!prepareDirs(pathComponents, false))
-            return;
-
-        // We can't just look up the path from the start of the root, since
-        // some parent directories may not have finished yet, so we compute
-        // a relative path that helps us find the right git_tree_builder or object.
-        auto relTarget = CanonPath(path).parent()->makeRelative(target);
-
-        auto dir = pendingDirs.rbegin();
-
-        // For each ../ component at the start, go up one directory.
-        // CanonPath::makeRelative() always puts all .. elements at the start,
-        // so they're all handled by this loop:
-        std::string_view relTargetLeft(relTarget);
-        while (hasPrefix(relTargetLeft, "../")) {
-            if (dir == pendingDirs.rend())
-                throw Error("invalid hard link target '%s' for path '%s'", target, path);
-            ++dir;
-            relTargetLeft = relTargetLeft.substr(3);
-        }
-        if (dir == pendingDirs.rend())
-            throw Error("invalid hard link target '%s' for path '%s'", target, path);
-
-        // Look up the remainder of the target, starting at the
-        // top-most `git_treebuilder`.
-        std::variant<git_treebuilder *, git_oid> curDir{dir->builder.get()};
-        Object tree; // needed to keep `entry` alive
-        const git_tree_entry * entry = nullptr;
-
-        for (auto & c : CanonPath(relTargetLeft)) {
-            if (auto builder = std::get_if<git_treebuilder *>(&curDir)) {
-                assert(*builder);
-                if (!(entry = git_treebuilder_get(*builder, std::string(c).c_str())))
-                    throw Error("cannot find hard link target '%s' for path '%s'", target, path);
-                curDir = *git_tree_entry_id(entry);
-            } else if (auto oid = std::get_if<git_oid>(&curDir)) {
-                tree = lookupObject(*repo, *oid, GIT_OBJECT_TREE);
-                if (!(entry = git_tree_entry_byname((const git_tree *) &*tree, std::string(c).c_str())))
-                    throw Error("cannot find hard link target '%s' for path '%s'", target, path);
-                curDir = *git_tree_entry_id(entry);
-            }
-        }
-
-        assert(entry);
-
-        addToTree(*pathComponents.rbegin(), *git_tree_entry_id(entry), git_tree_entry_filemode(entry));
+        hardLinks.insert_or_assign(path, target);
     }
 
     Hash flush() override
     {
-        updateBuilders({});
+        workers.process();
 
-        auto [oid, _name] = popBuilder();
-
-        if (auto * backend = repo->packBackend) {
-            /* We are done writing blobs, can restore refresh functionality. */
-            backend->refresh = packfileOdbRefresh;
+        /* Create hard links. */
+        {
+            auto state(_state.lock());
+            for (auto & [path, target] : hardLinks) {
+                if (target.isRoot())
+                    continue;
+                try {
+                    auto child = state->root.lookup(target);
+                    auto oid = std::get_if<git_oid>(&child.file);
+                    if (!oid)
+                        throw Error("cannot create a hard link to a directory");
+                    addNode(*state, path, {child.mode, *oid});
+                } catch (Error & e) {
+                    e.addTrace(nullptr, "while creating a hard link from '%s' to '%s'", path, target);
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
+        // Flush all repo objects to disk.
+        {
+            auto repos = repoPool.clear();
+            ThreadPool workers{repos.size()};
+            for (auto & repo : repos)
+                workers.enqueue([repo]() { repo->flush(); });
+            workers.process();
+        }
+
+        // Write the Git trees to disk. Would be nice to have this multithreaded too, but that's hard because a tree
+        // can't refer to an object that hasn't been written yet. Also it doesn't make a big difference for performance.
+        auto repo(repoPool.get());
+
+        [&](this const auto & visit, Directory & node) -> void {
+            checkInterrupt();
+
+            // Write the child directories.
+            for (auto & child : node.children)
+                if (auto dir = std::get_if<Directory>(&child.second.file))
+                    visit(*dir);
+
+            // Write this directory.
+            git_treebuilder * b;
+            if (git_treebuilder_new(&b, *repo, nullptr))
+                throw Error("creating a tree builder: %s", git_error_last()->message);
+            TreeBuilder builder(b);
+
+            for (auto & [name, child] : node.children) {
+                auto oid_p = std::get_if<git_oid>(&child.file);
+                auto oid = oid_p ? *oid_p : std::get<Directory>(child.file).oid.value();
+                if (git_treebuilder_insert(nullptr, builder.get(), name.c_str(), &oid, child.mode))
+                    throw Error("adding a file to a tree builder: %s", git_error_last()->message);
+            }
+
+            git_oid oid;
+            if (git_treebuilder_write(&oid, builder.get()))
+                throw Error("creating a tree object: %s", git_error_last()->message);
+            node.oid = oid;
+        }(_state.lock()->root);
+
         repo->flush();
 
-        return toHash(oid);
+        return toHash(_state.lock()->root.oid.value());
     }
 };
 
@@ -1427,8 +1448,12 @@ namespace fetchers {
 
 ref<GitRepo> Settings::getTarballCache() const
 {
-    static auto repoDir = std::filesystem::path(getCacheDir()) / "tarball-cache";
-    return GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, /*create=*/true, /*bare=*/true, /*packfilesOnly=*/true);
+    /* v1: Had either only loose objects or thin packfiles referring to loose objects
+     * v2: Must have only packfiles with no loose objects. Should get repacked periodically
+     * for optimal packfiles.
+     */
+    static auto repoDir = std::filesystem::path(getCacheDir()) / "tarball-cache-v2";
+    return GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, {.create = true, .bare = true, .packfilesOnly = true});
 }
 
 } // namespace fetchers
@@ -1442,7 +1467,7 @@ GitRepo::WorkdirInfo GitRepo::getCachedWorkdirInfo(const std::filesystem::path &
         if (i != cache->end())
             return i->second;
     }
-    auto workdirInfo = GitRepo::openRepo(path)->getWorkdirInfo();
+    auto workdirInfo = GitRepo::openRepo(path, {})->getWorkdirInfo();
     _cache.lock()->emplace(path, workdirInfo);
     return workdirInfo;
 }

src/libfetchers/git.cc

@@ -637,11 +637,6 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
                     url);
             }
 
-            // If we don't check here for the path existence, then we can give libgit2 any directory
-            // and it will initialize them as git directories.
-            if (!pathExists(path)) {
-                throw Error("The path '%s' does not exist.", path);
-            }
             repoInfo.location = std::filesystem::absolute(path);
         } else {
             if (url.scheme == "file")
@@ -703,7 +698,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
         if (auto res = cache->lookup(key))
             return getIntAttr(*res, "lastModified");
 
-        auto lastModified = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir)->getLastModified(rev);
+        auto lastModified = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, {})->getLastModified(rev);
 
         cache->upsert(key, {{"lastModified", lastModified}});
 
@@ -726,7 +721,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
         Activity act(
             *logger, lvlChatty, actUnknown, fmt("getting Git revision count of '%s'", repoInfo.locationToArg()));
 
-        auto revCount = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir)->getRevCount(rev);
+        auto revCount = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, {})->getRevCount(rev);
 
         cache->upsert(key, Attrs{{"revCount", revCount}});
 
@@ -737,7 +732,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
     {
         auto head = std::visit(
             overloaded{
-                [&](const std::filesystem::path & path) { return GitRepo::openRepo(path)->getWorkdirRef(); },
+                [&](const std::filesystem::path & path) { return GitRepo::openRepo(path, {})->getWorkdirRef(); },
                 [&](const ParsedURL & url) { return readHeadCached(url.to_string(), shallow); }},
             repoInfo.location);
         if (!head) {
@@ -795,7 +790,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
         if (auto repoPath = repoInfo.getPath()) {
             repoDir = *repoPath;
             if (!input.getRev())
-                input.attrs.insert_or_assign("rev", GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir)->resolveRef(ref).gitRev());
+                input.attrs.insert_or_assign("rev", GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, {})->resolveRef(ref).gitRev());
         } else {
             auto repoUrl = std::get<ParsedURL>(repoInfo.location);
             std::filesystem::path cacheDir = getCachePath(repoUrl.to_string(), shallow);
@@ -805,7 +800,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
             std::filesystem::create_directories(cacheDir.parent_path());
             PathLocks cacheDirLock({cacheDir.string()});
 
-            auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(cacheDir, true, true);
+            auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(cacheDir, {.create = true, .bare = true});
 
             // We need to set the origin so resolving submodule URLs works
             repo->setRemote("origin", repoUrl.to_string());
@@ -876,7 +871,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
             // the remainder
         }
 
-        auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir);
+        auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoDir, {});
 
         auto isShallow = repo->isShallow();
 
@@ -963,7 +958,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
             for (auto & submodule : repoInfo.workdirInfo.submodules)
                 repoInfo.workdirInfo.files.insert(submodule.path);
 
-        auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoPath, false, false);
+        auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoPath, {});
 
         auto exportIgnore = getExportIgnoreAttr(input);
 
@@ -1003,7 +998,7 @@ struct GitInputScheme : InputScheme
         }
 
         if (!repoInfo.workdirInfo.isDirty) {
-            auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoPath);
+            auto repo = GitRepo::openRepo(repoPath, {});
 
             if (auto ref = repo->getWorkdirRef())
                 input.attrs.insert_or_assign("ref", *ref);